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Marine ecological research is dependent on understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of pelagic communities and their constituent species.
The endemic cushion plant, Azorella macquariensis (AM), has recently undergone rapid, widespread dieback across Macquarie Island. It is now listed as Critically Endangered.
For marine predators in remote Antarctic areas, telemetry studies (i.e. location tracking) provide the most feasible means for obtaining information on behaviour, movement, habitat utilization, and foraging locations.
Over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, water in clouds can remain liquid to temperatures as low as -35°C. Besides causing dangerous icing of aircraft, this supercooled liquid partly determines whether clouds cool or heat the earth’s surface.
Conservation is all about managing populations. Often we aim to reduce populations of alien species that have impacts. Alternatively we aim to rescue populations that are at risk from pressures such as climate change. These two approaches are especially important in the Antarctic.
The largest multi-species vertebrate eradication to-date has recently been declared successful on Australia's World Heritage Macquarie Island. Currently, there is no integrated approach to evaluate the effectiveness of this project in restoring ecosystem structure and function.
While Arctic sea ice is dramatically thinning, little is known about Antarctic sea-ice thickness, let alone whether it is changing.
Land-fast sea ice (fast ice) is a preeminent feature of the Antarctic coastal zone, is a sensitive indicator and modulator of Antarctic climate processes, and serves as a structuring component of Antarctic marine ecosystems.
Across much of the planet, climate change is causing species' distributions to decline and fragment.
The Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty requires the identification of areas to be protected for their outstanding values. The Protocol lists values that may warrant protection but offers little guidance on criteria for inclusion or for deciding the location and size of protected areas.