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Major mid-winter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) are the largest instance of wintertime variability in the Arctic stratosphere. Because SSWs are able to cause significant surface weather anomalies on intra-seasonal timescales…
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are well known to accumulate in polar food webs; yet there is little ecotoxicological data available for environmental risk assessment of POPs in these extreme ecosystems. The premise of the tissue residue approach (TRA)…
Fugacity is identical to the partial pressure of an ideal gas in air, however, for real gases fugacity … is much more accurate than partial pressure in chemical equilibrium calculations.
The analysis of trophically complex mathematical ecosystem models is typically carried out … using numerical techniques because it is considered that the number and nonlinear nature of the equations … involved makes the use of analytic techniques virtually impossible. In particular…
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of observed 50-year (1961-2010) seasonal air temperature trends from radiosonde ascents above Antarctica. Comparisons between multiple radiosonde data sets (homogenized in different ways)…
Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) provides an important … natural source of ozone to the upper troposphere, but the characteristics of … STT events in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics and their contribution to … the regional tropospheric ozone budget remain poorly constrained. Here…
Near-synchronized in situ, space-borne (A-Train) and ground-based … lidar observations are employed to evaluate the boundary-layer clouds (BLCs) over Tasmania and the adjacent Southern Ocean (SO) simulated by the … limited-area version of Australian Community Climate and Earth System … Simulator…
Human activities in Antarctica pose significant threats to marine ecosystems through accidental fuel spills, primarily as aresult of shipping incidents. This risk is likely to increase due to rises in shipping frequency in the Southern Ocean.
Chemistry–climate models are important tools for addressing interactions of composition and climate in the Earth system. In particular, they are used to assess the combined roles of greenhouse gases and ozone in Southern Hemisphere climate and weather.
Future changes in the boreal polar vortex under a climate change scenario are still a matter of debate in the scientific community. For example, there is a lack of consensus among models about possible future changes in the frequency of major stratospheric warmings.
The decrease of atmospheric CO2 concentration recorded in Antarctic ice around 1600 AD is one of the mostsignificant atmospheric changes to have occurred during the last millennia, before the onset of the industrial period.Together with the temperature decrease…
The oxygen and deuterium isotopic composition of ice represent a prodigal source of information for the reconstruction of past climate.
During the last deglaciation (21,000 to 7,000 years ago) global sea level rise was punctuated by several abruptmeltwater spikes triggered by the retreat of ice sheets and glaciers world-wide. However, questions regarding therelative timing…
The 2015 ozone hole only started developing during the third week of August, which is the latest onset of the ozone hole that has been seen since the mid-to-late 1980s. However…
We review the 2012 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of various meteorological … reanalyses, remotely sensed ozone measurements and ground-based measurements … of ultra-violet radiation. Based on analysis of 33 years of satellite records…
One of the serious threats to the Antarctic marine ecosystem is the release of large volumes of petroleum fuel. Numerous fuel spill incidents have occurred and risks of a major spill are increasing due to continued expansion of human activity in the Antarctic region.
1.Ecosystem change is predicted to become more prevalent with climate change. Widespread dieback of cushion plants and bryophytes in alpine fellfield on Macquarie Island may represent such change. Loss of the keystone endemic cushion plant, Azorella macquariensis…
Terrestrial fuel spills in Antarctica commonly occur on ice-free land around research stations as the result of human activities. Successful clean-up of spills not only requires appropriate remediation strategies and technologies that are effective in cold climates…
Macquarie Island currently has no specific water quality guidelines to indicate a safe level of contamination on the island. This study investigated the toxic effects and accumulation of Cu and Zn in the subantarctic invertebrate, Exosphaeroma gigas. Further to this…
During the 2009/2010 summer field season a comprehensive environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the sewage discharge at Davis Station, East Antarctica was conducted. As part of this EIA, a preliminary histopathological survey of the gills and liver in the emerald rock cod (Trematomus bernacchii)…
Two sets of historical 3-ensemble simulations have been obtained with versions 1.0 and 1.3 of the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) to examine the effects of ozone change since 1960.
This presentation introduces a recently awarded Australian Antarctic Science (AAS) project as part of the research theme 1 'Climate Processes and Change'. This project utilises the technique of Global Positioning System (GPS) Radio Occultation (RO)…
Ocean acidification has been identified as a significant feature of climate change influencing the world’s marine biota. As … ocean pH decreases, an increase in temperature is also expected.
Fuel spills have occurred in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions, and comprehensive remediation strategies have recently been established to clean-up fuel spills at Australia’s Casey Station and Macquarie Island. However…
Antarctica is often considered a pristine wilderness, however, as human occupation and activities in the region increase, it is becoming increasingly apparent that this is not the case.