Summary
Antarctica is often considered a pristine wilderness, however, as human occupation and activities in the region increase, it is becoming increasingly apparent that this is not the case. Current human activities in Antarctica pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems through hydrocarbon contamination from fuel spills, primarily as a result of shipping incidents. Due to a lack of data on their effectiveness and their potential toxicity to Antarctic marine biota, chemical dispersants are not currently considered as a spill management option in Antarctic waters. As shipping associated with research and tourism in the area continues to increase, so too does the risk of fuel spills. There is therefore a need to evaluate options for management to best prepare, should a large scale fuel spill occur in the future. The current and future risk of hydrocarbon contamination highlights the need for research addressing the toxicity of fuels as well as fuel dispersants to Antarctic marine biota. Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO 180) is one of the heaviest, legally compliant fuels commonly used in Antarctica in larger marine vessels. Due to its high viscosity and persistence in the environment, a spill of IFO 180 would represent a significant environmental threat, therefore requiring comprehensive and effective management strategies to minimize impacts. This presentation presents the results of experiments examining the effects of IFO 180 and chemical dispersants on different life stages of a common Antarctic amphipod, Paramoera walkeri. The results provide valuable insights into quantifying the potential risks associated with dispersants and implications for their use as a fuel spill management option in Antarctic waters.