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Executive Summary: This Report summarises the outcomes of a Workshop on the topic of climate tipping points. While it contains a limited number of key references and points from the wider literature…
Since 2001, hundreds of thousands of hours of underwater acoustic recordings have been made throughout the Southern Ocean south of 60° S. Detailed analysis of the occurrence of marine mammal sounds in these circumpolar recordings could provide novel insights into their ecology…
There is growing interest from research and conservation groups in the potential for using small unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs; <2 kg) to conduct wildlife surveys because they are affordable, easy to use, readily available and reliable. However, limitations such as short flight endurance…
Aerial surveys are frequently used to estimate the abundance of marine mammals, but their accuracy is dependent upon obtaining a measure of the avail?ability of animals to visual detection.
Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed…
Polar marine invertebrates serve as bellwethers for species vulnerabilities in the face of changing climate at high latitudes of the Earth. Ocean acidification, warming/heatwaves, freshening, sea ice … retreat and productivity change are challenges for polar species.
Neutron monitors (NMs) are ground-based detectors that are widely used to detect secondary particles produced by the collisions of primary cosmic rays (CRs) and air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere. Bare neutron counters (BCs), operated without the lead producer and polyethylene reflector…
Understanding the dispersion of floating objects and ocean properties at the ocean surface is crucial for various applications, including oil spill management, debris tracking and search and rescue operations. While mesoscale turbulence has been recognized as a primary driver of dispersion…
Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) are an external Territory of Australia, located approximately 4000 kilometres southwest of Australia in the southern Indian Ocean.
The Galactic cosmic ray spectrum manifests pronounced variations over the 11-year sunspot cycle and more subtle variations over the 22-year solar magnetic cycle.
The Galactic cosmic ray spectrum manifests pronounced variations over the 11-year sunspot cycle and more subtle variations over the 22-year solar magnetic cycle.
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a circumpolar species with an omnivorous diet. Knowledge of krill diet within different regions will help predict how environmental change may impact local krill populations. Krill from the Atlantic, Indian…
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a key component of the Antarctic food web with considerable lipid reserves that are vital for their health and higher predator survival. Krill lipids are primarily derived from their diet of plankton, in particular diatoms and flagellates.
We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies…
The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superbaDana, 1850) is an important trophic link between phytoplankton and higher trophic levels. Knowledge of the lipid biochemistry of krill assists in understanding their seasonal biology and predicting their responses to ecological changes.
Genetic diversity is fundamental to biological diversity, vital for species’ health and adaptation to environmental change. Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)…
A computationally efficient algorithm to calculate the weighting coefficients required to evaluate derivatives for arbitrary multi-dimensional distributions of points is presented. The iterative algorithm guarantees IEEE 754 64-bit precision (at least 15 significant decimal digits)…
Stratosphere–troposphere exchange can be considered globally within the framework of the atmosphere's general circulation as the transfer of air masses through the tropopause with ascending (descending) flows in the tropics (extratropical latitudes).
Accidental fuel spills associated with the storage, transfer, and use of diesel fuel for power generation have occurred on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island since the establishment of the island's research station in 1948.
A proportion of the southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) population that breeds in the Kerguelen Plateau region seasonally migrates between their natal sub-Antarctic islands and moult haul-out locations on the Antarctic coastline.
Southern Ocean phytoplankton form the base of the Antarctic food web, influencing higher trophic levels through biomass and community structure.
The grey rockcod, Lepidonotothen squamifrons is an important prey species for seals, penguins and Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) in the Southern Ocean. Across the Kerguelen Plateau, the species was fished to commercial extinction (ca. 152 000 tonnes between 1971 and 1978)…
The Galactic cosmic-ray spectrum manifests pronounced variations over the 11 yr sunspot cycle and more subtle variations over the 22 yr solar magnetic cycle. An important tool to study these variations is repeated latitude surveys with neutron monitors (NMs)…
Functional trait–based mediation of animal invasions is only now developing, yet it is already showing as much promise as the approach has for plant invasion biology. Here, we provide a theory-founded examination of functional trait–based ecology with respect to animal invasions…