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The Antarctic environment is extremely cold, windy and dry. Ozone depletion has resulted in increasing ultraviolet-B radiation, and increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone have altered Antarctica's climate.
Background and Aims … Coping with both UV-B radiation and desiccation was essential for early land plants. In bryophytes, UV-B screening and desiccation tolerance partially depend on the physicochemical features of cell walls, which may also constrain photosynthesis.
The use of molecular assays to assess the presence of species using environmental DNA (eDNA) and RNA (eRNA) as analytes has diversified as the field of environmental surveillance advances. These methods can be used, for example…
The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) and RNA (eRNA) methods is a rapidly advancing field that provides fast, cost-effective, non-invasive methods to identify the presence of target species. These methods can be used, for example…
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of observed 50-year (1961-2010) seasonal air temperature trends from radiosonde ascents above Antarctica. Comparisons between multiple radiosonde data sets (homogenized in different ways)…
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a family of biopolymers produced by some bacteria and is accumulated intracellularly as carbon and energy storage material. Fifteen PHA-producing bacterial strains were identified from bacteria isolated from Antarctic soils collected around Casey Station (66°17'S…
The susceptibility of three East Antarctic moss species to UV-B radiation was examined by measuring accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers under natural sunlight during the austral summer season of 2002/03.
Ozone depletion has resulted in large increases in springtime ultraviolet-B radiation (UV) over Antarctic plants since the 1970s. Studies of UV induced DNA damage in three Antarctic moss species have shown Ceratodon purpureus to be the most UV-tolerant…
Summary … • Studies of ultraviolet (UV) light-induced DNA damage in three Antarctic moss … species have shown Ceratodon purpureus to be the most UV tolerant, despite … containing lower concentrations of methanol-soluble UV-screening compounds … than the co-occurring Bryum pseudotriquetrum.
Growth conditions in Antarctica are extreme, and the few plants that can … grow there are exposed to a highly seasonal, rapidly variable and often … extreme climate. In recent decades, these plants have also been exposed to … increased levels of UV-B radiation (UV-BR)…
Concentrations of UV-B absorbing pigments and anthocyanins were measured in three moss species, over a summer growing season in Antarctica. Pigment concentrations were compared with a range of climatic variables to determine if there was evidence that pigments were induced by UV-B radiation…
Concentrations of UV-B absorbing pigments and anthocyanins were measured in three moss species, over a summer growing season in Antarctica. Significant seasonal differences were found in the potential UV-B screening pigments. The most exposed species, Ceratodon purpureus…
Antarctica has been exposed to increases in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation as a result of … ozone depletion for several decades. In addition, climate change will alter temperature and … water availability to plant communities over the next century. Recent studies…
The impact of ambient ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation on the endemic bryophyte, Grimmia … antarctici, was studied over 14 months in East Antarctica. Over recent decades, Antarctic … plants have been exposed to the largest relative increase in UV-B exposure as a result of … ozone depletion.
Concentrations of UVB (ultraviolet B) absorbing pigments and anthocyanins were … measured in three moss species, over a summer growing season in Antarctica.
Two vascular plant species (hair grass Deschampsia antarctica … and herb Acaena magellanica) from sub-Antarctic Heard Island … were sampled on 5 days between December 2003 and February … 2004.
A solar occultation sensor, the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II, measured 5890 vertical profiles of ozone concentrations in the stratosphere and lower … mesosphere and of other species from January to October 2003. The measurement latitude … coverage was 54–71°N and 64–88°S…
Over recent decades, Antarctic plants have been exposed to the … largest relative increase in UV-B exposure as a result of ozone … depletion. Open-sided plexiglass screens were used to reduce UV … levels by 77% over turves of the endemic Antarctic bryophyte, Grimmia antarctici…
South Georgia (540S; 380W) lies 350 km south of the Polar Front in the south-west Atlantic Ocean. It is a key global location for albatrosses: at the last all-island census in 1986, it was estimated that approximately 92,500 pairs of grey-headed albatrosses (most important global site), 101…