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The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha?apai volcano erupted on 15 January 2022, launching Lamb waves and gravity waves into the atmosphere. In this study, we present results using 13 globally distributed meteor radars and identify the volcanogenic gravity waves in the mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds.
Individuals in isolated and extreme environments can experience debilitating side-effects including significant decreases in fat-free mass (FFM) from disuse and inadequate nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the strengths and weaknesses of three-dimensional optical (3DO)…
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) aggregations are important in the Southern Ocean ecosystem; however, the amount of energy that krill swarms contain is unknown. We assessed the population structure of E.
Australia’s record-breaking 2019/20 Black Summer fire weather resulted from a combination of natural and anthropogenic climate factors, but the full range of natural variability in fire weather is unknown.
The Southern Ocean, its ecosystem, and inhabitants are vulnerable to climate-mediated shifts in habitat conditions. These changes can affect marine predators in the long term through changes in the distribution, density, and quality of prey.
The subantarctic zone is an important region in the Southern Ocean with respect to its influence on air-sea CO2 exchange and the global ocean carbon cycle. However, understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the flux are still being refined.
The variations of atmospheric ?14C over the past two millennia are classically attributed to changes in its production rate in the upper atmosphere, which in turn is related to changes in solar activity and the Earth's magnetic field. However…
Geothermal heat flow (GHF) is a key basal boundary condition for Antarctic ice-sheet flow. Large-scale variations are resolved by several recent models but knowledge of the smaller-scale variations, crucial for ice sheet dynamics…
Eddy stirring at mesoscale oceanic fronts generates finescale filaments, visible in submesoscale-resolving model simulations and high-resolution satellite images of sea surface temperature, ocean color, and sea ice. Submesoscale filaments have widths of O(1–10)…
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) within phytoplankton cells often causes the daytime suppression of chlorophyll fluorescence in the Southern Ocean.
Large-scale modes of atmospheric variability in the southern midlatitudes can influence Antarctic sea ice concentrations (SIC) via diverse processes. For instance, variability in both the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and zonal wave 3 (ZW3) have been linked to the abrupt 2015/16 sea ice decline.
We tracked adult emperor penguins from Rothschild Island, west Antarctic Peninsula in 2015/2016 during a summer with extensive sea ice of long duration, contrasting with past years of reduced sea ice extent associated with the recent, rapid, warming trend across the region.
Like many polar animals, emperor penguin populations are challenging to monitor because of the species' life history and remoteness. Consequently, it has been difficult to establish its global status, a subject important to resolve as polar environments change.
Background: Accurate predictions of animal occurrence in time and space are crucial for informing and implementing science-based management strategies for threatened species. Methods: We compiled known, available satellite tracking data for pygmy blue whales in the Eastern Indian Ocean (n?=?38)…
Seven passive acoustic surveys for marine mammal sounds were conducted by deploying sonobuoys along ship tracks during Antarctic voyages spanning years 2006-2021. These surveys included nearly 330° of longitude throughout Antarctic (south of 60°S) and sub-Antarctic (between 50-60°S) latitudes. Here…
Species distributions are predicted to change with future climate-associated ecosystem changes such that so-called 'vagrant' individuals may become established or re-establish in areas currently thought to be beyond their principle ranges.
Sub-Antarctic islands and Antarctic coastal regions provide valuable sites for investigating environmental processes in the Southern Ocean.