Work to review International Maritime Organization and Antarctic Treaty system guidelines and agreements concerning ship biofouling and ballast water management

Summary

Marine non-native species present an increasing threat to Antarctic marine ecosystems, particularly under climate change. This paper sets out progress with ongoing work initiated by the CEP Subsidiary Group on Climate Change Response (SGCCR) to review the guidelines and agreements of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) concerning ship biofouling and ballast water management, to check adequacy for the Southern Ocean and vessels moving from region to region.