Summary
We present a review of Australian ornithological observations and research since early in the 20th century in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean, Macquarie Island, Heard and McDonald Islands, and the Australian Antarctic Territory. Studies on avian species on land and at sea, the personnel involved, and the institutions and organization they represent are introduced. We approach this initially through a historical perspective and note the role of Douglas Mawson in the exploration of the region and his subsequent influence in the establishment of Australian Antarctic Research programs. Significant observations and research are recorded, but no attempt is made to review all the scientific research reported, although pointers to it are given in the bibliography. Emphasis is given to work undertaken under the banner of the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) which commenced in 1947.