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Background: Accurate predictions of animal occurrence in time and space are crucial for informing and implementing science-based management strategies for threatened species. Methods: We compiled known, available satellite tracking data for pygmy blue whales in the Eastern Indian Ocean (n?=?38)…
As a long-standing problem in climate models, large positive shortwave radiation biases exist at the surface over the Southern Ocean, impacting the accurate simulation of sea surface temperature, atmospheric circulation, and precipitation.
This Summary for Policymakers uses information and infographics from the research articles, updated with other more recent research articles, to provide the following information: 1.
Poor coverage of the Antarctic continental shelf bathymetry impedes understanding the oceanographic processes affecting Antarctica’s role in global climate. Continental shelf bathymetry influences warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water movement onto the shelf…
There are many advantages to transitioning from conducting marine wildlife surveys via human observers onboard light-aircraft, to capturing aerial imagery using drones. However, it is important to maintain the validity of long-term data series whilst transitioning from observer to imagery surveys.
Background … Incomplete species inventories for Antarctica represent a key challenge for comprehensive ecological research and conservation in the region. Additionally, data required to understand population dynamics, rates of evolution, spatial ranges, functional traits…
Net sea-ice extent (SIE) and sea-ice area (SIA) were well below or at record-low levels for all of 2022 (based on satellite passive-microwave ice concentration data since 1979 when the near-homogenous satellite record began; Cavalieri et al. 1996). Indeed…
Understanding how sea ice serves zooplankton species during the food-limited season is crucial information to evaluate the potential responses of pelagic food webs to changes in sea-ice conditions in the Southern Ocean. Stable isotope analyses (13C/12C and 15N/14N)…
Net sea ice areal extent was well above average during the first few months of 2015 (Fig. 6.8a). Monthly record extents were observed in January (7.46 × 106 km2), April (9.06 × 106 km2), and May (12.1 × 106 km2).
The Southern Ocean is disproportionately important in its effect on the Earth system, impacting climatic, biogeochemical, and ecological systems, which makes recent observed changes to this system cause for global concern.
Antarctic sea ice trends have to date been linked to surface winds, through sea ice motion and atmospheric thermal advection. This paper analyzes sea ice volume in 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model configurations under pre-industrial and historical climate forcings…
Fast ice is an important component of Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems, providing a prolific habitat for ice algal communities. This work examines the relationships between normalized difference indices (NDI)…
The spreading of dense shelf water (DSW) from Antarctic coastal margins to lower latitudes plays a vital role in the ocean thermohaline circulation and the global climate system. Through enhanced localized sea ice production in Antarctic coastal polynyas…
Contrasting regional changes in Southern Ocean sea ice have occurred over the last 30 years with distinct regional effects on ecosystem structure and function.
Investigating ecological relationships between predators and their environment is essential to understand the response of marine ecosystems to climate variability and change. This is particularly true in polar regions, where sea ice (a sensitive climate variable)…
Deriving the snow depth on Antarctic sea ice is a key factor in estimating sea-ice thickness distributions from space or airborne altimeters. Using a linear regression to model snow depth from observed 'total freeboard'…
Over the past 37 years, satellite records show an increase in Antarctic sea ice cover that is most pronounced in the period of sea ice growth. This trend is dominated by increased sea ice coverage in the western Ross Sea, and is mitigated by a strong decrease in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas.
In 2012, Antarctic sea-ice coverage was marked by weak annual-mean climate anomalies that consisted of opposing anomalies early and late in the year (some setting new records) which were interspersed by near-average conditions for most of the austral autumn and winter. Here…
Antarctica. The word conjures up images of mountains draped with glaciers, ferocious seas dotted with icebergs and iconic species found nowhere else. The continent includes about one-tenth of the planet's land surface, nearly 90% of Earth's ice and about 70% of its fresh water.
Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore…
Adult specimens, additional juvenile specimens, egg cases and embryos were used to provide a more detailed anatomical description of the Kerguelen sandpaper skate Bathyraja irrasa…
Introduction: This document updates the research bibliography of SC/66b/SAN01 presented in 2016. The Southern Ocean Sanctuary (SOS) was established by the Commission in 1994. The area covered by the SOS in combination with the complementary Indian Ocean Sanctuary (IOS) is shown in Figure 1.
Echosounder data are widely collected and employed to address multitude scientific questions, from characterizing pelagic marine ecosystems, to investigating the behaviour and dynamics of marine organisms, and estimating the abundance and biomass of marine resources.
Contracting governments to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling are required to provide an annual National Progress Report summarising cetacean related activities annually.
Introduction … Miller and Kelly (2023) provides some guidelines on spatial model-based estimation of abundance (and its uncertainty) from counts of cetaceans obtained using standard distance sampling line transect surveys.