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The parameterization of gravity waves in the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) includes orographic, convective, and frontal sources. Even with these, the model simulates temperatures in the Antarctic lower stratosphere during winter and spring that are much lower than observed.
Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energy and momentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Among many parameters to characterize AGWs, horizontal phase velocity is very important to discuss the vertical propagation.
Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energy andmomentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and cause the mean wind accelerations in the mesosphere.
Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energyand momentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and cause the mean wind accelerations in the mesosphere.
The gammarid Paramoera walkeri is one of the most abundant amphipods in near-shore Antarctic waters. There has been increasing interest in P. walkeri as a test species for ecotoxicology studies and bio-monitoring for contaminants in Antarctica…
One of the serious threats to the Antarctic marine ecosystem is the release of large volumes of petroleum fuel. Numerous fuel spill incidents have occurred and risks of a major spill are increasing due to continued expansion of human activity in the Antarctic region.
Fuel spills have occurred in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions, and comprehensive remediation strategies have recently been established to clean-up fuel spills at Australia’s Casey Station and Macquarie Island. However…
Floral development of two alien species (Cerastium fontanum, Poa annua) were monitored through the summer of 2013/14 at three different altitudinal sites (coastal, hillside and plateau) on the North eastern end of sub-Antarctica Macquarie Island.
The Antarctic ozone hole of 2011 is reviewed from a variety of perspectives, making … use of various data and analyses. The ozone hole of 2011 was relatively large … in terms of maximum area, minimum ozone level and total ozone deficit…
Although many Quaternary records have allowed the study of major glacial-interglacial change in the … Southern Ocean, Holocene records from deep-sea cores are few and far between and are currently … limited to the South Atlantic. Low sedimentation rates combined with deep seafloors…
Chemical contamination resulting from human activities has been identified in … nearshore marine environments in the vicinity of Antarctic Research Stations. To better … manage and remediate contaminated sites, and to assess the risks of ongoing activities…
Developing water quality guidelines for Antarctic marine environments requires understanding sensitivity of biota to contaminant exposure. Toxicity tests with Antarctic … invertebrates have shown response times to metal exposure takes far longer than the durations of standard bioassay methods.
Stressors associated with climate change, and contaminants resulting from the activities of humans, are affecting organisms and ecosystems worldwide. Until recently, the impacts of these stressors on marine ecosystems have largely been examined in isolation.
Stressors associated with climate change, and contaminants resulting from the activities of humans, are affecting organisms and ecosystems worldwide. Until recently, the impacts of these stressors on marine ecosystems have largely been examined in isolation. However, with predicted climate change…
Metals at contaminated sites in Antarctica rarely occur in isolation, but rather occur in complex mixtures with a number of contaminants. Despite this, the majority of previous ecotoxicological studies on Antarctic marine biota have investigated the toxicity of single metals only.
Understanding the sensitivity of Antarctic organisms to metal exposure is essential … for developing Antarctic specific Environmental Guidelines to manage contamination risks. For … the first time…
Manipulative field studies are useful for investigating cause–effect relationships between contamination and benthic community health. However…
Oceanographic instruments suspended beneath the Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, have recorded sporadic pressure decreases of 10–20 dbar over a few days at three sites where basal marine ice growth is expected.
To better attribute the total ozone column (TOC) anomalies observed from the ozone … measurements in Ukraine, the climatologies of annual ozone cycle along the latitudinal … band 40–60° N with the 30° step in longitude have been analysed.