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Southern Ocean (SO) air is amongst the most pristine on Earth, particularly during winter. Historically, there has been a focus on biogenic sources as an explanation for the seasonal cycle in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (NCCN). NCCN is also sensitive to the strength of sink terms…
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) play a fundamental role in determining the microphysical properties of low-level clouds that are crucial for defining the energy budget over the Southern Ocean (SO). However, many aspects of the CCN budget over the SO remains poorly understood…
Iron plays a pivotal role in regulating ocean primary productivity. Iron is supplied from diverse sources such as the atmosphere and the geosphere, and hence iron biogeochemical research has focused on identifying and quantifying such sources of "new" iron. However…
The passive sinking flux of particles, termed the biological gravitational pump (BGP), is an important component of the ocean's biological carbon pump. In addition, carbon-rich particles are actively injected to depth through the diel vertical migration (DVM)…
Antarctica is currently losing net mass to the ocean primarily from West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, which together hold ~5.5?m of sea level rise potential. Yet, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet stores almost ten times more ice…
Understanding the causes of past atmospheric methane (CH4) variability is important for characterizing the relationship between CH4, global climate and terrestrial biogeochemical cycling.
The advent of under-ice profiling float and biologging techniques has enabled year-round observation of the Southern Ocean and its Antarctic margin. These under-ice data are often overlooked in widely used oceanographic datasets…
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are key elements in the physical and biological Earth system. Human-induced climate change, and other human activities in the region, are leading to several potential interacting tipping points with major and irreversible consequences. Here…
Genomic adaptation and introgression can occur during the speciation process, enabling species to diverge in their frequencies of adaptive alleles or acquire new alleles that may promote adaptation to environmental changes.
We present Bedmap3, the latest suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60?°S. Bedmap3 incorporates and adds to all post-1950s datasets previously used for Bedmap2…
During deglaciations, Earth takes up vast amounts of energy, about half of which heats the global ocean. Thus, ocean heat content (OHC) is a key metric to assess Earth's energy budget.
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is integral to Earth's climate system, influencing global energy and water cycles, and ecosystems. Enough ice is stored in regions most vulnerable to rapid retreat to cause sea levels to rise by ?15?m if they completely melted, making their stability a key concern.
Coupled ice sheet–ocean models are increasingly being developed and applied to important questions pertaining to processes at the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheet margins, which play a pivotal role in ice sheet stability and sea level rise projections.
Peter I Island is situated in the Bellingshausen Sea, a region that has experienced considerable climate change in recent decades. Warming sea surface temperatures and reduced sea ice cover have been accompanied by warming surface air temperature, increased snowfall…
As whales recover from commercial exploitation, they are increasing in abundance in habitats that they have been absent from for decades. However, studying the recovery and habitat use patterns of whales, particularly in remote and inaccessible regions…
In the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, 80°E marks an important transition in ocean circulation between the greater Prydz Bay gyre to the west and the Australian … Antarctic gyre to the east. Here, the submarine Kerguelen Plateau impedes the eastward flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current…
A southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) was found dead, stranded on a remote rock platform at Torndirrup, Western Australia, on 20 September 2022.
Around 176500 whales were killed in the sub-Antarctic waters off South Georgia (South Atlantic) between 1904 and 1965. In recent decades, whales have once again become summer visitors, with the southern right whale (SRW) the most commonly reported species until 2011. Here…
Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) migrate between Austral-winter calving and socialising grounds to offshore mid- to high latitude Austral-summer feeding grounds. In Australasia…
An automated algorithm for passive acoustic detection of blue whale D-calls is developed based on established deep learning methods for image recognition via the DenseNet architecture. Koogu—an open-source Python package—was used for developing the detector.
Identification of species' Biologically Important Areas (BIAs) is fundamental to conservation planning and species distribution models (SDMs) are a powerful tool commonly used to do this.
Baseline characterisation of the acoustic underwater environment is integral to understanding changes in the soundscape of a location. We used passive acoustic monitoring to investigate the soundscape of a seasonally ice-covered…
Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging…
Background … The Antarctic is an extreme environment for plants. Several invasive plant species, however, have invaded the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean islands and increasingly threaten the vulnerability of maritime and continental Antarctica, particularly with changes in climate.
The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a listed endangered species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. A distinct population of blue whales, the eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue (EIOPB) whale…