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Both net sea ice extent (SIE) and area (SIA) were close to the 1981–2010 average for January through August 2016, after which there was a dramatic departure from the mean through to the end of the year (Fig. 6.8a). Maximum net SIE peaked on 31 August (18.44 × 106 km2)…
The Maud Rise polynya is a persistent area of open water within the sea ice cover of the Southern Ocean, which overlies an area of elevated topography called Maud Rise (66°S, 3°E) located in the eastern sector of the Weddell Sea (Fig. SB6.1a).
Deriving the snow depth on Antarctic sea ice is a key factor in estimating sea-ice thickness distributions from space or airborne altimeters. Using a linear regression to model snow depth from observed 'total freeboard'…
Over the past 37 years, satellite records show an increase in Antarctic sea ice cover that is most pronounced in the period of sea ice growth. This trend is dominated by increased sea ice coverage in the western Ross Sea, and is mitigated by a strong decrease in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas.
This editorial introduces a suite of articles resulting from the second Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystems eXperiment (SIPEX-2) voyage by presenting some background information on the study area and Antarctic sea-ice conditions, and summarising the key findings from the project.
During 2021, and following on from 2020, net Antarctic sea ice coverage continued to exhibit strong variability (Fig. 6.11a), with distinct regional and seasonal contributions (Fig. 6.11b). The year began with below-average overall sea ice extent (SIE) in January through February (Fig. 6.11a)…
To understand the scope and scale of the loss of biodiversity, tools are required that can be applied in a standardized manner to all species globally, spanning realms from land to the open ocean.
Among large cetaceans in the Southern Hemisphere, fin whales were the most heavily exploited in terms of numbers taken during the period of intense industrial whaling. Recent studies suggest that…
As the use of coastal and offshore environments expands, there is a need to better understand the exposure of marine megafauna to anthropogenic activities that potentially threaten their populations. Individual satellite telemetry studies are often hampered by small sample sizes…
This paper presents an updated assessment for the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery at Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) in CCAMLR Division 58.5.2 with catch until the end of 2019 and observations until the end of 2018.
Catch rates or catch per unit of effort (CPUE) are used for data-poor exploratory fisheries without integrated assessments in the CPUE by seabed area method to estimate stock biomass in the interim of collecting sufficient tag recaptures. Here, we address the two questions: (1)…
Abstract: This paper updates the SIOFA Scientific Committee on Australia's bottom fishing impact assessment for the SIOFA area.
Dr So Kawaguchi was Chief Scientist on the recent voyage of CSIRO Research Vessel Investigator to Antarctica. His research will help protect krill from over-harvesting and be used to research long-term impacts on the ecosystem.
The SCAR Krill Action Group (SKAG) provides a conduit for science to feed into the management of the Antarctic krill fishery, as well a more general forum to promote collaboration, help early career researchers, improve understanding of krill biology and ecology, and facilitate information exchange.
The zonal wavenumber spectrum of planetary waves in the atmosphere above Antarctica was studied in two contrasting years: in 2019 when there was a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), and in 2020 when the Antarctic stratospheric vortex was unusually strong and long-lived.
From 27–29 March 2019, a technical workshop was held at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in Townsville, Queensland, Australia to discuss key issues associated with the derivation of water quality guideline values (GVs).
Abstract … Recommendations … That Model 2 presents best available science for the 2021 Patagonian toothfish stock assessment in Division 58.5.2. That CCAMLR set a catch limit of 3010 tonnes for 2021/22 and 2022/23 in CM 41-08 based on the result of this assessment and the CCAMLR decision rules.
Sea ice is a key habitat in the high latitude Southern Ocean and is predicted to change in its extent, thickness and duration in coming decades. The sea-ice cover is instrumental in mediating ocean…
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are well known to accumulate in polar food webs; yet there is little ecotoxicological data available for environmental risk assessment of POPs in these extreme ecosystems. The premise of the tissue residue approach (TRA)…
The 2017 ozone hole … developed in the first week of August and rose sharply to reach a peak size … in early September, this was then followed by a significant warming event … which reduced the overall areal extent of the ozone hole considerably.
Atmospheric electric field … measurements from the Concordia station on the Antarctic Plateau are … compared with those from Vostok (560 km away) for the period of overlap … (2009–11) and to Carnegie (1915–29) and extended Vostok (2006–11) measurements.
Reference IUGG-2058, Symposium M03 Weather and the Global Atmospheric Electric Circuit. Atmospheric electric field measurements from Concordia station on the Antarctic Plateau are compared with those from Vostok (560 km away) for the period of overlap (2009-2011) and to earlier Vostok (2006-2009)…
Missing gravity wave drag near 60 degrees south has been proposed as the cause of the common cold bias in modelled southern polar stratospheric temperatures [McLandress et al. 2012]. Potential gravity wave momentum sources around those latitudes, such as jets…
Human activities in Antarctica pose significant threats to marine ecosystems through accidental fuel spills, primarily as aresult of shipping incidents. This risk is likely to increase due to rises in shipping frequency in the Southern Ocean.