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A range of leaching protocols have been used to measure the soluble fraction of aerosol trace elements worldwide, and therefore these measurements may not be directly comparable.
The wave-affected Marginal Ice Zones (MIZ) is a key region of air-ice-ocean interactions in the Southern Ocean (SO). However, challenges still remain for the large-scale observation of the MIZ. In this study…
The Sea Ice Physico-Chemistry and Ecosystems 2024 (SLOPE2024) workshop was conducted in the Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan from the middle of February to the beginning of March 2024. The aim of SLOPE2024 was to study the physical, chemical…
Amphipods play an important role in Southern Ocean trophic chains. Considering the key role of Pacific Ocean and sea ice ecosystems in the Earth system and the growing impact of global environmental change, it is important to collect information on the status of marine amphipod biodiversity.
One of the principal factors influencing mass loss and sea level contribution from … the Antarctic Ice Sheet currently and in future centuries is the melting of ice … shelves by the ocean. These floating extensions of the ice sheet buttress against … ice-sheet movement…
The introduction of new processes in biogeochemical models brings new model parameters that must be set. Optimization of the model parameters is crucial to ensure that model performance is based on process representation (i.e., functional forms) rather than poor choices of input parameter values.
Dense shelf water (DSW) overflows around Antarctica leads to the formation of antarctic bottom water, thereby driving the lower cell of global overturning circulation.
Under climate change, both the global water cycle (evaporation minus precipitation) and mixed layer salinity exhibit a pattern amplification characterized by the "rich get richer and poor get poorer." However…
Overview of past and future climate change in Australia's area of responsibility in Antarctica, sub-Antarctic islands and Southern Ocean, and impacts of Antarctic changes upon the Australian mainland.
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH) are biologically co-produced marine volatile sulfur compounds, which play a critical role in climate-cooling aerosol formation. The spatio-temporal distributions of MeSH are poorly constrained, especially over the Southern Ocean.
The Antarctic coastal marine region is a unique and highly complex environment, of which landfast ice and polynyas are key features, especially in the context of dense water formation. Current large-scale ocean-sea ice models used in climate studies simulate hardly any Antarctic landfast ice…
Observations of sea surface height (SSH) from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite have demonstrated remarkable potential for resolving mesoscale and submesoscale ocean features, which are crucial for deriving vertical velocities…
The Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-models predict future warming over Antarctica under five different scenarios, but their uncertainties remain high and have not been well constrained.
Global chemistry–climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases.
Monitoring variability in predator diets can highlight key parameters for understanding and managing marine ecosystems. Penguin diets provide useful indicators of ecosystem variability and several species, including Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)…
Invasive species are a significant threat to marine ecosystems, contributing to biodiversity loss and ecosystem … changes. Biofouling, the accumulation of aquatic organisms on vessel hulls, is one of the main pathways for … invasive species worldwide…
Airborne environmental DNA (airborne eDNA) analysis leverages the globally ubiquitous medium of air to deliver broad species distribution data and support ecosystem monitoring across diverse environments. As this emerging technology matures…
New edition of the leading resource on the Arctic and Southern Oceans with contributions from the world's experts on sea ice. Sea Ice delivers insights into the very latest understanding of sea ice dynamics, how we measure (and model) its extent, the ecosystems that depend on sea ice…
A technique has recently been developed for tracking short-term spectral variations in Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) using data from a single neutron monitor (NM)…
This paper presents the global analysis of two extended decreases in the galactic cosmic-ray intensity observed by worldwide networks of ground-based detectors in 2012. This analysis is capable of separately deriving the cosmic-ray density (or omnidirectional intensity) and anisotropy…
US and Australian researchers are collaborating to study how extreme, isolated environments in Antarctica affect health, using this research to develop and test new mental and physical health technologies for astronauts on long-duration space missions.
The retreat of Antarctic ice shelves due to calving and the subsequent reduction in buttressing of the Antarctic Ice Sheet are of major concern for future sea-level rise. Sudden…
One of the largest sectors of the Southern Ocean is the Indian Sector, which plays an important role in regulating the Earth's climate and supports a diverse ecosystem. To understand how climate change impacts the environment in this sector…
Gravity waves provide a key mechanism for the vertical transport of energy and momentum from the active near-surface weather to the upper reaches of the neutral and ionised atmosphere. Generation mechanisms vary between storms, fronts…
The use of satellite tags has yielded important information to better understand cetacean ecology and to improve cetacean conservation. However, tag deployment duration has been highly variable and typically shorter than their battery life on most large whale species. Between 2011 and 2018…