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Polar marine invertebrates serve as bellwethers for species vulnerabilities in the face of changing climate at high latitudes of the Earth. Ocean acidification, warming/heatwaves, freshening, sea ice … retreat and productivity change are challenges for polar species.
Neutron monitors (NMs) are ground-based detectors that are widely used to detect secondary particles produced by the collisions of primary cosmic rays (CRs) and air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere. Bare neutron counters (BCs), operated without the lead producer and polyethylene reflector…
Functional trait–based mediation of animal invasions is only now developing, yet it is already showing as much promise as the approach has for plant invasion biology. Here, we provide a theory-founded examination of functional trait–based ecology with respect to animal invasions…
Microbial communities support the health and function of individual organisms, all the way up to global biomes. Given rapidly changing global ecosystems, there is an urgent need to be able to predict what changes to microbial community structure mean for the emergent community function.
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) calls for a 50% reduction in rates of invasive alien species establishment by 2030. However, estimating changes in rates of introduction and establishment is far from straightforward, particularly on a national scale.
Invasive alien insects are an important yet understudied component of the general threat that biological invasions pose to biodiversity.
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) describes the annular or zonal component of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extratropics and influences surface climate across the SH. Although this annular flow is dominant in austral summer…
Over the past decade, Greenland has experienced several extreme melt events, the most pronounced ones in the years 2010, 2012 and 2019. With progressing climate change, such extreme melt events can be expected to occur more frequently and potentially become more severe and persistent. So far…
We characterize the internal wave field at a standing meander of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) where strong winds, bathymetry, and a strong eddy field combine to form a dynamic environment for the generation and dissipation of internal waves.
The Totten Glacier in East Antarctica, with an ice volume equivalent to >3.5?m of global sea-level rise, is grounded below sea level and, therefore, vulnerable to ocean forcing. Here…
Hadal trenches are unique geological and ecological systems located along subduction zones. Earthquake-triggered turbidites act as efficient transport pathways of organic carbon (OC), yet remineralization and transformation of OC in these systems are not comprehensively understood.
Multiple datasets show the Antarctic Ice Sheet has lost mass over recent decades and therefore contributed to sea-level rise. Short-term variability in ice mass has been associated partly with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), for both the grounded ice sheet and its bounding ice shelves…
Sub-Antarctic islands and Antarctic coastal regions provide valuable sites for investigating environmental processes in the Southern Ocean.
One of the key components of this research has been the mapping of Antarctic bed topography and ice thickness parameters that are crucial for modelling ice flow and hence for predicting future ice loss and the ensuing sea level rise. Supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)…
There are many advantages to transitioning from conducting marine wildlife surveys via human observers onboard light-aircraft, to capturing aerial imagery using drones. However, it is important to maintain the validity of long-term data series whilst transitioning from observer to imagery surveys.
On January 15, 2022, an ongoing eruption at the Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai volcano generated a large explosion which resulted in a globally observed tsunami and atmospheric pressure wave.
Molecular tools are increasingly applied for assessing and monitoring biodiversity and informing conservation action. While recent developments in genetic and genomic methods provide greater sensitivity in analysis and the capacity to address new questions…
The Southern Ocean is disproportionately important in its effect on the Earth system, impacting climatic, biogeochemical, and ecological systems, which makes recent observed changes to this system cause for global concern.
The spreading of dense shelf water (DSW) from Antarctic coastal margins to lower latitudes plays a vital role in the ocean thermohaline circulation and the global climate system. Through enhanced localized sea ice production in Antarctic coastal polynyas…
The Southern Ocean Research Partnership (IWC-SORP) is a multi-lateral, non-lethal scientific research programme established in 2009 to improve the coordinated and cooperative delivery of science to the IWC. There are 13 Partners: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Italy…
Introduction: This document updates the research bibliography of SC/66b/SAN01 presented in 2016. The Southern Ocean Sanctuary (SOS) was established by the Commission in 1994. The area covered by the SOS in combination with the complementary Indian Ocean Sanctuary (IOS) is shown in Figure 1.
Echosounder data are widely collected and employed to address multitude scientific questions, from characterizing pelagic marine ecosystems, to investigating the behaviour and dynamics of marine organisms, and estimating the abundance and biomass of marine resources.
Contracting governments to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling are required to provide an annual National Progress Report summarising cetacean related activities annually.
The SCAR Krill Expert Group (SKEG) aims to improve the understanding of krill biology and ecology and serve as a link between the scientific krill community and the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), which manages the Antarctic krill fishery.