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Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is derived from dense water that sinks from the Antarctic continental shelf to the deep ocean. The sinking of AABW is balanced by a return flow of lighter water, and the resulting overturning circulation determines the density stratification of the deep ocean…
Mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet is largest in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, due to basal melting by warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW).
The presence and nature of marine ice in ice shelves is important, yet difficult to determine. We present transient electromagnetic results spanning 10 km across a suture zone of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), Antarctica, supported by central borehole measurements.
Net sea-ice extent (SIE; the area enclosed by greater than 15% sea-ice concentration) and sea-ice area (SIA; the product of sea-ice extent and concentration) were well below average or at record-low levels throughout 2023 (Fig. 6.11a).
The 7th International Zooplankton Production Symposium was held in Hobart, Australia in March, 2024 with the theme 'New Horizons', chosen to reflect the current perception that oceans are now experiencing greater human impacts than ever before, and to explore how zooplankton are impacted.
Plankton, a diverse group of aquatic organisms, make Earth livable, regulate aquatic life, and provide benefits to human societies such as access to clean water, food security, and well-being. They also support economies and inspire biotechnological innovations.
The Southern Ocean plays a key role in removing anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, accounting for a quarter of the global ocean uptake during the Anthropocene period. Here we show, using a high-resolution ocean model under high-emission forcing (RCP8.5)…
The presence and nature of marine ice in ice shelves is important, yet difficult to determine. We present transient electromagnetic results spanning 10 km across a suture zone of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), Antarctica, supported by central borehole measurements.
We investigated Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) and leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) vocalizations using passive acoustic monitoring beneath landfast ice and open water, 5.6?km seaward from Davis Station, East Antarctica. Eight-minute recordings were manually sampled at 1?h intervals over 24?
With more than 90% of global warming occurring in the ocean, sea level rise doubling in the past 30 years, and the ever-increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events, ocean observations are essential for understanding and addressing some of these most pressing global challenges.
As a species highly reliant on stable fast ice as a breeding platform, emperor penguins are increasingly challenged in their breeding attempts due to changes in fast ice conditions. We collated habitat information of 27 emperor penguin colonies in East Antarctica (43°-167°E)…
The weaning mass of southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) is a key predictor of their first-year survival probability. However, variations in pup morphometric characteristics (length, mass and body condition i.e. the residual of the allometric relationship between log(mass) and log(length))…
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) forms the deepest limb of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and is a key control in global heat, freshwater, and carbon exchanges. AABW originates in part from Dense Shelf Water (DSW) produced in Antarctic coastal polynyas.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is a hotspot for the generation of small-scale motions that have a key role in cross-frontal exchanges. We present the first analysis of surface currents in the ACC derived from high-resolution sea surface height (SSH)…
Here we validate the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission sea surface height (SSH) products using an array of nine GNSS buoys at the long-term altimetry validation facility in Bass Strait. As a groundbreaking swath altimetry mission…
New edition of the leading resource on the Arctic and Southern Oceans with contributions from the world's experts on sea ice … Sea Ice delivers insights into the very latest understanding of sea ice dynamics, how we measure (and model) its extent, the ecosystems that depend on sea ice…
In 2024, atmospheric conditions over Antarctica exhibited significant anomalies, and were marked by major surface and stratospheric warming and pressure fluctuations. The first half of the year (January–June) featured persistent below-normal surface pressure over the continent…
Dense water formation on the Antarctic continental shelf is the main process by which Antarctic Bottom Waters form and is fundamental to the abyssal overturning circulation. However…
The long-held view that the East Antarctic margin is isolated from warm offshore waters has been challenged by recent observations showing incursions of warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) reaching several East Antarctic ice shelves. However…
Advances in our modelling capacity of wave–ice interactions are hindered by the limited availability of wave observations in sea ice and, specifically, under a broad range of wave and sea ice conditions.
Dispersal is a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the dynamics of the population and the evolution of natural populations; however, it is challenging to measure in most species. Furthermore, the influence of informed dispersal behaviors…
Background and Aims … Coping with both UV-B radiation and desiccation was essential for early land plants. In bryophytes, UV-B screening and desiccation tolerance partially depend on the physicochemical features of cell walls, which may also constrain photosynthesis.
Long-term observations are essential for ecological research, providing insights into species and ecosystem variability, processes, and responses to change. In a time of rapid global change, ecosystem modification, and emerging threats, such long-term monitoring (LTM) is increasingly important.
The Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) provides highly temporally resolved observations of the physical, chemical, and biological variability in the upper ocean, as well as the export of particulate organic and inorganic carbon to the ocean interior, in the subantarctic region south of Australia.