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Snow on sea ice plays a critical role in the global climate system, affecting the growth and decay of the ice, polar ecosystems, human activities, and the retrieval of sea ice characteristics from remote sensing data.
One of the largest sectors of the Southern Ocean is the Indian Sector, which plays an important role in regulating the Earth's climate and supports a diverse ecosystem. To understand how climate change impacts the environment in this sector…
Around the margins of Antarctica, dense waters formed on the continental shelf are exported to oceanic depths. This overflow of dense waters to the abyss ventilates the ocean, and is vital to the global overturning circulation.
Phytoplankton production controls the transfer of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the ocean through the biological carbon pump, facilitating the sequestration of carbon dioxide and thus, contributing to the regulation of global climate. In the Southern Ocean…
Microbial communities in Antarctic marine sponges have distinct taxonomic and functional profiles due to low temperatures, seasonal days and nights, and geographic isolation. These sponge holobionts contribute to nutrient cycling, structural habitat formation, and benthic ecosystem resilience.
In the Subantarctic Southern Ocean, primary productivity is predominantly limited by seasonal changes in light and iron (Fe) availability, shaping the phytoplankton community and impacting the magnitude of the biological carbon pump. However, quantifying the seasonal iron cycle is challenging…
Genetic diversity is essential for maintaining healthy populations and ecosystems. Several approaches have recently been … developed to evaluate population genetic trends without necessarily collecting new genetic data. Such "genetic diversity … indicators" enable rapid…
The present-day state and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet depend on the rate at which the ocean melts its fringing ice shelves. Ocean heat must cross many physical and dynamical barriers to melt ice shelves, with the last of these being the ice-ocean boundary layer.
Over the last decade, the Southern Ocean has experienced episodes of severe sea ice area decline. Abrupt events of sea ice loss are challenging to predict, in part due to … incomplete understanding of processes occurring at the scale of individual ice floes. Here, we use high-resolution altimetry…
Weather systems in the southern Indian Ocean influence East Antarctic precipitation variability and surface mass balance. However…
Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. CH4 is the second most important human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of climate forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2)…
settingsOrder Article Reprints … Open AccessReview … Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Real-Time Vegetation Monitoring in Antarctica: A Review … by Kaelan Lockhart 1,2,*ORCID,Juan Sandino 1,2ORCID,Narmilan Amarasingam 3,4ORCID,Richard Hann 5ORCID,Barbara Bollard 3,4ORCID andFelipe Gonzalez 1…
Understanding past climate is essential to our knowledge of how our current climate system operates, and how it might respond to future change. Techniques to reconstruct climate history are challenging, and both accuracy and certainty are hampered by the quality of the datasets used.
Coupled ice sheet–ocean models are increasingly being developed and applied to important questions pertaining to processes at the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheet margins, which play a pivotal role in ice sheet stability and sea level rise projections.
As whales recover from commercial exploitation, they are increasing in abundance in habitats that they have been absent from for decades. However, studying the recovery and habitat use patterns of whales, particularly in remote and inaccessible regions…
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a commonly used management tool to safeguard marine life from anthropogenic impacts, yet their efficacy often remains untested.
Antarctica harbors many distinctive features of life, yet much about the diversity and functioning of Antarctica's life remains unknown. Evolutionary histories and functional ecology are well understood only for vertebrates…
During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT), ca. 1200–800?000 years ago (ka), the Earth's glacial cycles changed from 41 to 100?kyr periodicity.
Aerial surveys are frequently used to estimate the abundance of marine mammals, but their accuracy is dependent upon obtaining a measure of the avail?ability of animals to visual detection.
Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed…
Polar marine invertebrates serve as bellwethers for species vulnerabilities in the face of changing climate at high latitudes of the Earth. Ocean acidification, warming/heatwaves, freshening, sea ice … retreat and productivity change are challenges for polar species.
Historical atmospheric H2 levels were reconstructed using firn air measurements from two sites in Greenland (NEEM and Summit) and two sites in Antarctica (South Pole and Megadunes). A joint reconstruction based on the two Antarctic sites yields H2 levels monotonically increasing from about 330?
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a commonly used management tool to safeguard marine life from anthropogenic impacts, yet their efficacy often remains untested.