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Fugacity is identical to the partial pressure of an ideal gas in air, however, for real gases fugacity … is much more accurate than partial pressure in chemical equilibrium calculations.
The analysis of trophically complex mathematical ecosystem models is typically carried out … using numerical techniques because it is considered that the number and nonlinear nature of the equations … involved makes the use of analytic techniques virtually impossible. In particular…
We present here data of mineral dust variability retrieved from an ice core of the central West Antarctic, spanning the last five decades. Main evidence provided by the geochemical analysis is that northerly air mass incursions to the coring site, tracked by insoluble dust microparticles…
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of observed 50-year (1961-2010) seasonal air temperature trends from radiosonde ascents above Antarctica. Comparisons between multiple radiosonde data sets (homogenized in different ways)…
The 2017 ozone hole … developed in the first week of August and rose sharply to reach a peak size … in early September, this was then followed by a significant warming event … which reduced the overall areal extent of the ozone hole considerably.
The 2016 ozone hole … developed in the first week of August and reached its maximum size in late … September. Overall, the 2016 ozone hole was in the 'middle of the pack' … compared to the last 37 holes for which we have satellite data since 1979…
The Southern Hemisphere … Antarctic stratosphere experienced two noteworthy events in 2015: a … significant injection of sulfur from the Calbuco volcanic eruption in Chile … in April, and a record-large Antarctic ozone hole in October and November. Here…
Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) provides an important … natural source of ozone to the upper troposphere, but the characteristics of … STT events in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics and their contribution to … the regional tropospheric ozone budget remain poorly constrained. Here…
Near-synchronized in situ, space-borne (A-Train) and ground-based … lidar observations are employed to evaluate the boundary-layer clouds (BLCs) over Tasmania and the adjacent Southern Ocean (SO) simulated by the … limited-area version of Australian Community Climate and Earth System … Simulator…
Antarctica has experienced major changes in temperature, wind speed and stratospheric ozone levels over the last 50 years. Whilst West Antarctica and the peninsula have shown rapid warming and consequent ecosystem change, East Antarctica appeared to be little impacted by climate warming…
Better characterisation of aerosol processes in pristine, natural environments, such as Antarctica, have recently been shown to lead to the largest reduction in uncertainties in our understanding of radiative forcing.
Chemistry–climate models are important tools for addressing interactions of composition and climate in the Earth system. In particular, they are used to assess the combined roles of greenhouse gases and ozone in Southern Hemisphere climate and weather.
Future changes in the boreal polar vortex under a climate change scenario are still a matter of debate in the scientific community. For example, there is a lack of consensus among models about possible future changes in the frequency of major stratospheric warmings.
The oxygen and deuterium isotopic composition of ice represent a prodigal source of information for the reconstruction of past climate.
During the last deglaciation (21,000 to 7,000 years ago) global sea level rise was punctuated by several abruptmeltwater spikes triggered by the retreat of ice sheets and glaciers world-wide. However, questions regarding therelative timing…
The 2015 ozone hole only started developing during the third week of August, which is the latest onset of the ozone hole that has been seen since the mid-to-late 1980s. However…
The parameterization of gravity waves in the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) includes orographic, convective, and frontal sources. Even with these, the model simulates temperatures in the Antarctic lower stratosphere during winter and spring that are much lower than observed.
Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energy and momentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Among many parameters to characterize AGWs, horizontal phase velocity is very important to discuss the vertical propagation.
Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energy andmomentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and cause the mean wind accelerations in the mesosphere.
Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), which are generated in the lower atmosphere, transport significant amount of energyand momentum into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and cause the mean wind accelerations in the mesosphere.