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Interleaving layers are commonly observed in the subsurface ocean near thermohaline fronts. They imply a lateral exchange of water mass properties and have been shown to influence both lateral and vertical mixing rates. We examine a set of in situ observations…
Global chemistry–climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases.
The development of the Antarctic ozone hole in late winter and spring (September–November) is the most … noticeable phenomenon in the polar stratosphere. It has appeared every season since the early 1980s within the … stratospheric polar vortex…
The fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) influence the growth and instability of eddies, eddy-mean flow interaction, and the development of submesoscale processes. We use in situ hydrography and directly measured velocity from a comprehensive shipboard survey of the Polar Front (PF)…
Global chemistry–climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases.
Interleaving layers are commonly observed in the subsurface ocean near thermohaline fronts. They imply a lateral exchange of water mass properties and have been shown to influence both lateral and vertical mixing rates. We examine a set of in situ observations…
Ignoring the diurnal cycle in surface-to-atmosphere CO2 fluxes leads to a systematic bias in CO2 mole fraction simulations sampled at daytime because the daily mean flux systematically misses the CO2 uptake during the daytime hours.
Bromine radicals released from sea ice, snow, and marine sources play a critical role in the atmospheric chemistry of polar regions. The Chemical and Mesoscale Mechanisms of Polar Cell Aerosol Nucleation (CAMMPCAN)…
We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.
The subantarctic zone is an important region in the Southern Ocean with respect to its influence on air-sea CO2 exchange and the global ocean carbon cycle. However, understanding of the magnitude and drivers of the flux are still being refined.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a naturally occurring atmospheric trace gas, a regulated pollutant, and one of the main components determining the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Evaluating climate…
Interdecadal water mass changes in the Indian -Western … Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean were investigated … using the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions and … historical hydrographic observations from the 1950s to … 1990s.
This paper presents extensive {bias determination} analyses of ozone observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite instruments: the ACE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)…
Analysis of zonal anomalies in total ozone and thermal tropopause height shows … that ozone depletion during austral spring has a strong influence on the height … and sharpness of the tropopause over West Antarctica. The seasonal change of tropopause … peak height occurs between 9 km…
Human impacts on natural systems can cause local population extinctions, which may promote … redistribution of taxa and secondary contact between divergent lineages. In mammalian … populations that have mating systems shaped by polygyny and sexual selection…
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is an international network of oblique HF over-the-horizon … radars dedicated to the study of high latitude magnetosphere-ionosphere convection. In scientific terms, they have been … an outstanding success…
In their Policy Forum review “Do the largest protected areas conserve whales or whalers?” (Science, 28 Jan 2006, p.525), Gerber and co-authors criticised the scientific basis of the International Whaling Commissions’ (IWC)…
To date humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) that breed close to the west (stock D) and the … east coast (stock E) of Australia are thought to restrict their feeding to IWC Management areas IV and … V respectively…
The most recent assessment of stocks D and E uses a population model that allows for mixing between feeding areas (Johnston … and Butterworth 2002, 2005).
The seasonal variation of ozone in the troposphere and lower stratosphere above … Global Atmosphere Watch stations Macquarie Island (in the subantarctic) and Davis … (in Antarctica) is examined using three years of ozonesonde measurements.
Based to a large degree on the precedent set by CCAMLR in 1991, the streamer line has … become the primary, and most commonly prescribed, seabird mitigation device in world … longline fi sheries. This paper reviews CCAMLR streamer line requirements (Conservation … Measure 25-02 (2002)…
Surface carbon dioxide (CO2) observations are integral to understanding the role of the … Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle, and to developing reliable predictions of … biogeochemical responses to altered climatic conditions. Carbon dioxide (CO2)…
The provision of energy services has always held a vital, central role in the support of Antarctic research operations.