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Data collection facilitated by remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) has proven to be revolutionary in many disciplines including for research in extreme environments. Here we assess current use and utility of small multirotor remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs)…
Global chemistry–climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases.
All aspects of biodiversity research, from taxonomy to conservation, rely on data associated with species names. Effective integration of names across multiple fields is paramount and depends on the coordination and organization of taxonomic data.
Antarctic and Southern Ocean environments are facing increasing pressure from multiple threats. The Antarctic Treaty System regularly looks to the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)…
The Antarctic environment is extremely cold, windy and dry. Ozone depletion has resulted in increasing ultraviolet-B radiation, and increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone have altered Antarctica's climate.
Antarctic moss beds are sensitive to climatic conditions, and both their survival and community composition are particularly influenced by the availability of liquid water over summer. As Antarctic regions increasingly face climate pressures (e.g., changing hydrology and heat waves)…
Net sea-ice extent (SIE; the area enclosed by greater than 15% sea-ice concentration) and sea-ice area (SIA; the product of sea-ice extent and concentration) were well below average or at record-low levels throughout 2023 (Fig. 6.11a).
The 7th International Zooplankton Production Symposium was held in Hobart, Australia in March, 2024 with the theme 'New Horizons', chosen to reflect the current perception that oceans are now experiencing greater human impacts than ever before, and to explore how zooplankton are impacted.
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) forms the deepest limb of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and is a key control in global heat, freshwater, and carbon exchanges. AABW originates in part from Dense Shelf Water (DSW) produced in Antarctic coastal polynyas.
In 2024, atmospheric conditions over Antarctica exhibited significant anomalies, and were marked by major surface and stratospheric warming and pressure fluctuations. The first half of the year (January–June) featured persistent below-normal surface pressure over the continent…
Life at Robinson Ridge, located in the Windmill Islands region of East Antarctica, is susceptible to a changing climate. At this site, responses of the vegetation communities and moss-beds have been well researched, but corresponding information for microbial counterparts is still lacking.
A range of leaching protocols have been used to measure the soluble fraction of aerosol trace elements worldwide, and therefore these measurements may not be directly comparable.
An unprecedented decline in Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) in late 2016 ended a weak mutidecadal expansion. Multiple mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this decline, including large-scale atmospheric influences—a strong zonal wave 3 (ZW3)…
The introduction of new processes in biogeochemical models brings new model parameters that must be set. Optimization of the model parameters is crucial to ensure that model performance is based on process representation (i.e., functional forms) rather than poor choices of input parameter values.
Surface melt on the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) occurs primarily on the low-elevation coastal margins, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula and on the ice shelves surrounding the continent.
Global chemistry–climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases.
Understanding basal processes across ice-sheet grounding lines is crucial in accurately modeling ice-sheet dynamics and estimating global sea-level rise. The grounding line, which demarcates the specific boundary between a grounded ice sheet and a floating ice shelf…
Monitoring variability in predator diets can highlight key parameters for understanding and managing marine ecosystems. Penguin diets provide useful indicators of ecosystem variability and several species, including Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)…
Airborne environmental DNA (airborne eDNA) analysis leverages the globally ubiquitous medium of air to deliver broad species distribution data and support ecosystem monitoring across diverse environments. As this emerging technology matures…
The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) comprise a highly variable region that forms the transition region between the middle and upper atmosphere.
One of the largest sectors of the Southern Ocean is the Indian Sector, which plays an important role in regulating the Earth's climate and supports a diverse ecosystem. To understand how climate change impacts the environment in this sector…
Gravity waves provide a key mechanism for the vertical transport of energy and momentum from the active near-surface weather to the upper reaches of the neutral and ionised atmosphere. Generation mechanisms vary between storms, fronts…
Antarctic landfast sea ice is an integral component of coastal and nearshore ecosystems, providing bottom-ice habitats that harbour some of the most productive marine microalgal communities on Earth. Ice algal biomass is driven by the spatio-temporal dynamics of snow and sea-ice covers…
Standing meanders along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) have been shown to be regions of elevated eddy variability, meridional heat transport, and vertical exchange. In this study, we investigate the influence of a standing meander south of Australia on air-sea heat fluxes…
Using high-precision ice core measurements of CO2, ?13C-CO2, CH4, and N2O, this study provides carbon isotope constraints on a sizeable, centennial-scale CO2 jump at the onset of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9). The very end of the Heinrich stadial (HS) characterizing Termination IV (T-IV, ca.