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Sea ice can be interspersed vertically with both permeable and impermeable layers. These features can be smaller than a few centimetres but are important for understanding biogeochemical cycles in sea ice. Traditionally…
The largest regional drivers of current surface elevation increases in the Antarctic Ice Sheet are associated with ice flow reconfiguration in previously active ice streams, highlighting the important role of ice dynamics in mass balance calculations. Here…
Ice streams regulate most ice mass loss in Antarctica. Determining ice stream response to warmer conditions during the Pliocene could provide insights into their future behaviour, but this is hindered by a poor representation of subglacial topography in ice-sheet models.
Antarctic moss beds are sensitive to climatic conditions, and both their survival and community composition are particularly influenced by the availability of liquid water over summer. As Antarctic regions increasingly face climate pressures (e.g., changing hydrology and heat waves)…
The Mount Brown South (MBS) ice core in East Antarctica (69° S, 86° E) has produced records of sea salt concentration and snow accumulation for examining past climate. In a previous study, the sea salt concentration, but not snow accumulation, showed a significant…
New edition of the leading resource on the Arctic and Southern Oceans with contributions from the world's experts on sea ice … Sea Ice delivers insights into the very latest understanding of sea ice dynamics, how we measure (and model) its extent, the ecosystems that depend on sea ice…
In 2024, atmospheric conditions over Antarctica exhibited significant anomalies, and were marked by major surface and stratospheric warming and pressure fluctuations. The first half of the year (January–June) featured persistent below-normal surface pressure over the continent…
Life at Robinson Ridge, located in the Windmill Islands region of East Antarctica, is susceptible to a changing climate. At this site, responses of the vegetation communities and moss-beds have been well researched, but corresponding information for microbial counterparts is still lacking.
A major subglacial lake, Lake Snow Eagle (LSE), was identified in East Antarctica by airborne geophysical surveys. LSE, contained within a subglacial canyon, likely hosts a valuable sediment record of the geological and glaciological changes of interior East Antarctica.
Surface melt on the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) occurs primarily on the low-elevation coastal margins, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula and on the ice shelves surrounding the continent.
New edition of the leading resource on the Arctic and Southern Oceans with contributions from the world's experts on sea ice. Sea Ice delivers insights into the very latest understanding of sea ice dynamics, how we measure (and model) its extent, the ecosystems that depend on sea ice…
Snow on sea ice plays a critical role in the global climate system, affecting the growth and decay of the ice, polar ecosystems, human activities, and the retrieval of sea ice characteristics from remote sensing data.
Antarctic landfast sea ice is an integral component of coastal and nearshore ecosystems, providing bottom-ice habitats that harbour some of the most productive marine microalgal communities on Earth. Ice algal biomass is driven by the spatio-temporal dynamics of snow and sea-ice covers…
Newly formed sea ice can incorporate considerable amounts of organic matter including phytoplankton during its freezing and growth. This initial incorporation influences the standing stocks of ice algae, a fundamental component of high-latitude marine ecosystems.
Sea-ice surface temperature from atmospheric reanalysis has been used as an indicator of ice melt and climate change. However, its performance in atmospheric reanalyses is not fully understood in Antarctica. Here, we quantified biases in six widely-used reanalyses using satellite observations…
When seawater freezes, sea ice forms. Though seemingly straightforward, the formation, growth, and decay of sea ice involve complexities. Sea ice, its extent, and its physical properties are of paramount importance to the climate system. This is in large part due to its vast coverage at the poles.
Global climate models and reanalysis products have revealed large, persistent downwelling shortwave radiation biases over the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctica, likely caused by the incapability of models to accurately simulate frequent low-level mixed-phase clouds in these regions.
Weather systems in the southern Indian Ocean influence East Antarctic precipitation variability and surface mass balance. However…
Peter I Island is situated in the Bellingshausen Sea, a region that has experienced considerable climate change in recent decades. Warming sea surface temperatures and reduced sea ice cover have been accompanied by warming surface air temperature, increased snowfall…
Conserving landscapes used by multiple stakeholder groups requires understanding of what each stakeholder values. Here we employed a semi-structured, participatory approach to identify features of value in the terrestrial Antarctic Peninsula related to biodiversity, science and tourism.
Bromine radicals released from sea ice, snow, and marine sources play a critical role in the atmospheric chemistry of polar regions. The Chemical and Mesoscale Mechanisms of Polar Cell Aerosol Nucleation (CAMMPCAN)…
We report high resolution measurements of the stable water isotope ratios (?18O, ?D) from the Mount Brown South ice core (MBS, 69.11° S 86.31° E). The record covers the period 873 - 2009 CE with sub-annual temporal resolution.
Water stable isotope records from ice cores (?18O and ?D) are a critical tool for constraining long-term temperature variability at high latitudes. However, precipitation in Antarctica consists of semi-continuous small events and intermittent extreme events. In regions of high accumulation…
Shipborne observations from the CAPRICORN-2018 field campaign were used to investigate the characteristics and variability of precipitation across different sectors of an extra-tropical cyclone on 16 February 2018, over the Southern Ocean (SO). Three distinct time periods—frontal, post-frontal…