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Net sea-ice extent (SIE; the area enclosed by greater than 15% sea-ice concentration) and sea-ice area (SIA; the product of sea-ice extent and concentration) were well below average or at record-low levels throughout 2023 (Fig. 6.11a).
Surface melt on the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) occurs primarily on the low-elevation coastal margins, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula and on the ice shelves surrounding the continent.
The retreat of Antarctic ice shelves due to calving and the subsequent reduction in buttressing of the Antarctic Ice Sheet are of major concern for future sea-level rise. Sudden…
Net sea-ice extent (SIE) and sea-ice area (SIA) were well below or at record-low levels for all of 2022 (based on satellite passive-microwave ice concentration data since 1979 when the near-homogenous satellite record began; Cavalieri et al. 1996). Indeed…
Antarctic sea ice plays a crucial role in the global climate system and is highly sensitive to climate change and variability (Walsh 1983; Liu et al. 2002; Roach et al. 2020). Sea ice seasonally covers a vast area of the high-latitude Southern Ocean each year…
Antarctic sea ice plays a pivotal role in the global climate system. Forming a highly reflective, dynamic, and insulative blanket that varies seasonally in its areal coverage from ~3 × 106 km2 to ~19–20 × 106 km2, sea ice and its snow cover strongly modifies ocean…
Net sea ice areal extent was well above average during the first few months of 2015 (Fig. 6.8a). Monthly record extents were observed in January (7.46 × 106 km2), April (9.06 × 106 km2), and May (12.1 × 106 km2).
Antarctic sea ice performs important roles in the climate system through the formation of dense oxygen rich Antarctic Bottom Water (Johnson 2008) and modulating fluxes across the ocean/atmosphere interface within the high southern latitudes (Bourassa et al. 2013).
Both net sea ice extent (SIE) and area (SIA) were close to the 1981–2010 average for January through August 2016, after which there was a dramatic departure from the mean through to the end of the year (Fig. 6.8a). Maximum net SIE peaked on 31 August (18.44 × 106 km2)…
Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore…
Antarctic sea ice plays a pivotal role in the global climate system. Forming a highly-dynamic reflective and insulative blanket that varies seasonally from ~3 to ~20 × 106 km2, sea ice and its snow cover strongly modify ocean–atmosphere fluxes and interaction processes (Bourassa et al. 2013).
During 2021, and following on from 2020, net Antarctic sea ice coverage continued to exhibit strong variability (Fig. 6.11a), with distinct regional and seasonal contributions (Fig. 6.11b). The year began with below-average overall sea ice extent (SIE) in January through February (Fig. 6.11a)…
Preliminary results are presented from the first validation of geophysical data products (ice concentration, snow thickness on sea ice (hs) and ice temperature (TI ) from the NASA EOS Aqua AMSRE sensor, in East Antarctica (in September–October 2003).