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The interaction of natural marine aerosol with clouds and radiation is a significant source of climate model uncertainty. The Southern Ocean represents a key area to understand these interactions, and a region where significant model biases exist.
The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a listed endangered species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. A distinct population of blue whales, the eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue (EIOPB) whale…
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) calls for a 50% reduction in rates of invasive alien species establishment by 2030. However, estimating changes in rates of introduction and establishment is far from straightforward, particularly on a national scale.
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) within phytoplankton cells often causes the daytime suppression of chlorophyll fluorescence in the Southern Ocean.
As a long-standing problem in climate models, large positive shortwave radiation biases exist at the surface over the Southern Ocean, impacting the accurate simulation of sea surface temperature, atmospheric circulation, and precipitation.
This report to the Seventh Meeting of the Parties has been prepared by the Advisory Committee Chair and Vice-chair with the assistance of the Agreement's Secretariat under Article IX 6 (e).
This report to the Seventh Meeting of the Parties has been drafted as a document in progress for the Advisory Committee by the Chair and Vice-chair with the assistance of the Agreement's Secretariat.
The analysis of trophically complex mathematical ecosystem models is typically carried out … using numerical techniques because it is considered that the number and nonlinear nature of the equations … involved makes the use of analytic techniques virtually impossible. In particular…
Fuel spills have occurred in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions, and comprehensive remediation strategies have recently been established to clean-up fuel spills at Australia’s Casey Station and Macquarie Island. However…
Fuel spills in Antarctic waters are increasingly likely with the rise in shipping in the region related to tourism and research activities, both of which require and transport large quantities of fuel. While fuel dispersants are not currently used in the management of fuel spills in Antarctica…
While definitive winter measurements for Dome C must await until 2004, on the basis of existing data the Antarctic … Dome sites promise the best conditions on the Earth for many astronomical observations. Because atmospheric … turbulence is largely confined to a ~ 100 m ground layer…
The parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three panels of experts. One of these is the … Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is … the effects of increased UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry…
The Southern Ocean islands are some of the most isolated landmasses in the world. Few of the islands support permanent human settlements or land based industries and as such they remain as some of the most uninvaded landscapes globally.
A major source of energy during lactation in mammals is provided … through the mobilization of blubber fatty acids (FAs).
Links between changes in the southern polar stratosphere and tropospheric climate have been identified in both modelling and observational studies, highlighting the importance of an accurate stratosphere in climate models. However…
Links … between … changes … in … the … southern … polar … stratosphere … and … tropospheric … climate … have … been … identified … in … both … modelling … and … observational … studies, highlighting … the … importance … of … an … accurate … stratosphere … in … climate … models. However…
Large-etalon Fabry-Perot Spectrometers (FPS) measure upper atmosphere winds and temperatures by observing spectral profiles of atmospheric emission lines with sufficient resolution to determine the Doppler broadening, from which temperature is deduced…
A marked bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain supposedly resulted from a recent major … reorganization of the plate-mantle system there 50 million years ago. Although alternative mantledriven … and plate-shifting hypotheses have been proposed…
The diet of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) has … been studied using a variety of techniques, but … current methods still suffer from problems that are … difficult to solve. This study examined an alternative … approach utilizing DNA as a prey biomarker.
Prediction of the impact of global climate change on marine phytoplankton is fraught with uncertainties. Increasing temperature, enhanced surface stratification, alteration of ocean currents, intensification or weakening of local nutrient upwelling, stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated CO2…
Tracking features between pairs of satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using image crosscorrelation … methods is a powerful tool for defining regions of image movement such as ice flow of Antarctic … glaciers. Unlike optical images…
Regular measurements of the atmospheric electric field made at Vostok Station (φ=78.451S; … ë=106.871E, elevation 3500 m) in Antarctica demonstrate that extremely intense electric fields … (1000–5000 V/m) can be observed during snow storms.
In our recent study on the population genetic structure of … short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis in southern … Australia (Bilgmann et al., 2008) we unequivocally … showed a high level of genetic differentiation between the … local common dolphin population in South Australia (SA)…