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The ACCESS-AM2 climate model underestimates aerosol concentration in the Southern Ocean; improving aerosol representation could be problematic for the global energy balance Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2025 (Ref: 17410)
Authors:
Fiddes S.L.Woodhouse M.T.Mallet M.D.Lamprey L.J.Humphries R.S.Protat A.Alexander S.P.Hayashida H.Putland S.Miljevic B.Schofield R.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

The interaction of natural marine aerosol with clouds and radiation is a significant source of climate model uncertainty. The Southern Ocean represents a key area to understand these interactions, and a region where significant model biases exist.

Davis Atmospheric Observatory (Poster) 9th IAGA/ICMA/SCOSTEP Workshop on Vertical Coupling in the Atmosphere-Ionosphere System and the 6th ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network Meeting, 2024 (Ref: 17187)
Authors:
Murphy D.Alexander S.Klekociuk A.French J.Protat A.Tully M.Zhao Y.Mulligan F.Reid I.Tsutsumi M.Holzworth R.
Category 3: Poster

Simulating Mixed-Phase Clouds Over Coastal Antarctica During a Significant Snowfall Event in a High-Resolution Regional Model Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2025 (Ref: 17316)
Authors:
Pei Z.Fiddes S.L.Mallet M.D.Alexander S.P.Furtado K.Roff G.Protat A.McDonald A.French W.J.R.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Global climate models and reanalysis products have revealed large, persistent downwelling shortwave radiation biases over the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctica, likely caused by the incapability of models to accurately simulate frequent low-level mixed-phase clouds in these regions.

Biological enhancement of cloud droplet concentrations observed off East Antarctica npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2025 (Ref: 17271)
Authors:
Mallet M.Miljevic B.Humphries R.S.Mace G.G.Alexander S.Protat A.Chambers S.Cravigan L.DeMott P.J.Fiddes S.Harnwell J.Keywood M.D.McFarquhar G.M.McRobert I.Moorne K.A.Mynard C.Osuagwu G.C.Ristovski Z.Selleck P.Taylor S.Ward J.Williams A.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

The impact that biogenic emissions have on aerosol-cloud interactions across the Southern Ocean is poorly quantified. Here we use satellite and ship observations during austral summer to study these interactions.

Southern Ocean Cloud Properties Derived From CAPRICORN and MARCUS Data Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2020 (Ref: 16805)
Authors:
Mace. G.G.Protat A.Humphries R.S.Alexander S.P.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Reducing Southern Ocean shortwave radiation errors in the ERA5 reanalysis with machine learning and 25 years of surface observations Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems, 2023 (Ref: 16769)
Authors:
Mallet M.D.Alexander S.P.Protat A.Fiddes S.L.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Measurement report: Understanding the seasonal cycle of Southern Ocean aerosols Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2023 (Ref: 16768)
Authors:
Humphries R.S.Keywood M.D.Ward J.P.Harnwell J.Alexander S.P.Klekociuk A.R.Hara K.McRobert I.M.Protat A.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Mixed-Phase Clouds and Precipitation in Southern Ocean Cyclones and Cloud Systems Observed Poleward of 64°S by Ship-Based Cloud Radar and Lidar Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2021 (Ref: 16727)
Authors:
Alexander S.P.McFarquhar G.M.Marchand R.Protat A.Vignon E.Mace G.G.Klekociuk A.R.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Southern Ocean Precipitation Characteristics Observed From CloudSat and Ground Instrumentation During the Macquarie Island Cloud & Radiation Experiment (MICRE): April 2016 to March 2017 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2022 (Ref: 16673)
Authors:
Tansey E.Marchand R.Protat A.Alexander S.P.Ding. S.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Orographic Flow Influence on Precipitation During an Atmospheric River Event at Davis, Antarctica JGR Atmospheres, 2022 (Ref: 16575)
Authors:
Gehring J.Vignon E.Billault-Roux A.C.Ferrone A.Protat A.Alexander S.P.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Detection of supercooled liquid water containing clouds with ceilometers: development and evaluation of deterministic and data-driven retrievals Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2022 (Ref: 16565)
Authors:
Guyot A.Protat A.Alexander S.P.Klekociuk A.R.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Vertical profiling of aerosols with a combined Raman-elastic backscatter lidar in the remote Southern Ocean marine boundary layer 43 – 66°S 132 – 150°E Journal of Geophysical Research, 2020 (Ref: 16349)
Authors:
Alexander S.P.Protat A.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

The latitudinal variability of oceanic rainfall properties and its implication for satellite retrievals. Part 2: The Relationships between Radar Observables and Drop Size Distribution Parameters Journal of Geophysical Research, 2020 (Ref: 16329)
Authors:
Protat A.Kleep C.Louf V.Peterson W.A.Alexander S.P.Barros A.Leinonen J.Mace G.G.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Polarimetric Backscatter Sonde Observations of Southern Ocean Clouds and Aerosols Atmosphere 2020, 2020 (Ref: 16314)
Authors:
Hamilton M.Alexander S.P.Protat A.Siems S.Carpentier S.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Satellite-based detection of daytime supercooled liquid-topped mixed-phase clouds over the Southern Ocean using the Advanced Himawari Imager Journal of Geophysical Research, 2019 (Ref: 16109)
Authors:
Noh Y-J. Miller S.D.Heidinger A.K.Mace G.Protat A.Alexander S.P.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Vertical profiling of clouds and aerosols across the Southern Ocean CGU General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019, 2019 (Ref: 16116)
Authors:
Alexander S.P.Protat A.
Category 3: Conference paper

Spatial and temporal distributions of ice nucleating particles over the Southern Oceans Advances Earth and Space Science, Fall Meeting Washington DC, Dec 2018., 2018 (Ref: 16119)
Authors:
DeMott P.J.McCluskey C.S.Moore K.J.Levin E.J.T.Hill T.C.J.Twohy C.H.Toohey D.Stith J.L.McFarquhar G.M.Marchand R.Alexander S.Gettelman A.Protat A.Humphries R.S.Kreidenweis S.M.
Category 3: Conference paper

New Unique Observations of Clouds, Aerosols and Precipitation over the Southern Ocean: An Overview of SOCRATES and MARCUS American Meteorological Society, Vancouver, Canada, July 2018., 2018 (Ref: 16120)
Authors:
McFarquhar G.M.Bretherton C.Marchand R.T.DeMott P.J.Alexander S.P.Protat A.Roberts G.Twohy C.H.Toohey D.W.Siems S.Huang Y.Wood R.Rauber R.M.Lasher-Trapp S.Jensen J.B.Stith J.L.Mace J.Um J.Jaervinen M.Schnaiter M.Gettelman A.Sanchez K.J.McCluskey C.S.McCoy I.L.Moore K.A.Hill T.C.J.Rainwater B.
Category 3: Conference paper

The Southern Ocean Climate Studies: Observations and modeling of Southern Ocean clouds and aerosols Advances Earth and Space Science, Fall Meeting Washington DC, Dec 2018., 2018 (Ref: 16121)
Authors:
Bretherton C.S.McFarquhar G.M.Marchand R.Protat A.Alexander S.Gettelman A.Ming Y.
Category 3: Conference paper

Cloud Properties over the Southern Ocean Observed from the Surface American Meteorological Society, Vancouver, Canada, July 2018., 2018 (Ref: 16122)
Authors:
Alexander S.P.Protat A.Marchand R.T.McFarquhar G.M.Nguyen H.McDonald A.J.Klekociuk A.
Category 3: Conference paper

The Antarctic Clouds and Radiation Experiment and Cloud Properties at Extratropical Southern Latitudes Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Public Lecture, Adelaide Australia , 1 May 2017, 2017 (Ref: 16053)
Authors:
Klekociuk A.R.Alexander S.P.Protat A.
Category 3: Verbal presentation

Cloud Properties Observed From the Surface and by Satellite at the Northern Edge of the Southern Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2018 (Ref: 15928)
Authors:
Alexander S.P.Protat A.
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

A Raman depolarization lidar was deployed at Cape Grim, Australia (40.7°S, 144.7°E), at the northern edge of the Southern Ocean from July 2013 to February 2014 from which we determine cloud boundaries, cloud phase, ice virga, and cloud effective top heights.

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