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Blue whale populations each produce distinctive repeated songs that are stable over periods of decades, and can be used to identify where each population resides and moves. In the Southern Hemisphere and northern Indian Ocean, there are at least seven distinct populations based on their songs…
Major mid-winter stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) are the largest instance of wintertime variability in the Arctic stratosphere. Because SSWs are able to cause significant surface weather anomalies on intra-seasonal timescales…
We present an overview of … state-of-the-art chemistry–climate and chemistry transport models that … are … used within phase 1 of the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1).
Future changes in the boreal polar vortex under a climate change scenario are still a matter of debate in the scientific community. For example, there is a lack of consensus among models about possible future changes in the frequency of major stratospheric warmings.
Major stratospheric warmings (MSWs) are one of the most important phenomena of wintertime Arctic stratospheric variability. They consist of a warming of the Arctic stratosphere and a deceleration of the polar night jet…
Bursty bulk flows are understood to be the predominant flux transport mechanism in the … magnetotail.
At 08:35 UT on 21 November 2004, the onset of … an interval of substorm activity was captured in the southern … hemisphere by the Far UltraViolet (FUV) instrument on … board the IMAGE spacecraft. This was accompanied by … the onset of Pi2 activity and subsequent magnetic bays…
Earthward injections of energetic ions and electrons … mark the onset of magnetospheric substorms. In the inner … magnetosphere (L4), the energetic ions drift westward … and the electrons eastward, thereby enhancing the equatorial … ring current.
In this paper we examine the geomagnetic signatures of solar wind impulses using magnetometer array data, a bistatic HF radar, and a co-located imaging riometer. The impulses were associated with 1.6mHz magnetic pulsations that were observed across a wide range of latitudes.