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The development of the Antarctic ozone hole in late winter and spring (September–November) is the most … noticeable phenomenon in the polar stratosphere. It has appeared every season since the early 1980s within the … stratospheric polar vortex…
With more than 90% of global warming occurring in the ocean, sea level rise doubling in the past 30 years, and the ever-increasing frequency and intensity of extreme events, ocean observations are essential for understanding and addressing some of these most pressing global challenges.
As the ice retreats, Antarctic species are struggling to reproduce, feed and compete with invasive species. Credit: Ida Kubiszewski … Far from being a remote, isolated continent, Antarctica is integral to Earth's climate and life-support systems.
This paper presents the global analysis of two extended decreases in the galactic cosmic-ray intensity observed by worldwide networks of ground-based detectors in 2012. This analysis is capable of separately deriving the cosmic-ray density (or omnidirectional intensity) and anisotropy…
This online article is part of Our Wondrous Planet exhibition from Museums Victoria. It is part of behind-the-scenes stories about some of the creatures and ecosystems that make up our wondrous planet.
The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) comprise a highly variable region that forms the transition region between the middle and upper atmosphere.
Aim … To map presence, absence and ignorance of Antarctic seabird breeding occupancy at the spatial resolution of ice-free habitat sites to identify knowledge gaps and inform management and conservation. Location … East Antarctica between longitudes 30°?E and 150°?E.
Continent-continent collisions develop mature orogenic systems over tens of millions of years, creating a thermally weakened mid-crustal infrastructure layer (15–50 km deep) that flows laterally from the thickened mountain ranges or plateaus.
When seawater freezes, sea ice forms. Though seemingly straightforward, the formation, growth, and decay of sea ice involve complexities. Sea ice, its extent, and its physical properties are of paramount importance to the climate system. This is in large part due to its vast coverage at the poles.
The last glacial termination was characterised by millennial-scale episodes of warming and cooling that appear offset between the hemispheres. It has been proposed that this bi-polar seesaw is the result of climate system feedbacks. A key debate, which remains unresolved…
Antarctica, Earth's least understood and most remote continent, is threatened by human disturbances and climate-related changes, underscoring the imperative for biodiversity inventories to inform conservation. Antarctic ecosystems support unique species and genetic diversity…
Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed…
Greenhouse gases and aerosols play a major role in controlling global climate change. Greenhouse gases drive a radiative imbalance which warms the ocean, while aerosols cool the ocean. Since 1980, the effective radiation felt by the planet due to anthropogenic aerosols has leveled off…
In contrast to a strong decrease in Arctic sea ice extent, overall Antarctic sea ice extent has modestly increased since 1979. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the net Antarctic sea ice expansion, including atmosphere/ocean circulation and temperature changes…
Over the past 37 years, satellite records show an increase in Antarctic sea ice cover that is most pronounced in the period of sea ice growth. This trend is dominated by increased sea ice coverage in the western Ross Sea, and is mitigated by a strong decrease in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas.
Antarctica. The word conjures up images of mountains draped with glaciers, ferocious seas dotted with icebergs and iconic species found nowhere else. The continent includes about one-tenth of the planet's land surface, nearly 90% of Earth's ice and about 70% of its fresh water.
The CHinense Exoplanet Searching Program from Antarctica is a ground-based wide-field photometric survey using the AST3 and CSTAR telescopes located at Dome A, Antarctica. Blessed with the unparalleled observing conditions on the highest point of the Antarctic plateau, three remotely controlled…
As the use of coastal and offshore environments expands, there is a need to better understand the exposure of marine megafauna to anthropogenic activities that potentially threaten their populations. Individual satellite telemetry studies are often hampered by small sample sizes…
Atmospheric gravity waves play an important role in transporting energy and momentum between atmospheric spheres and drive circulations that affect key processes such as formation of the ozone hole and the cold summer polar mesosphere.
The zonal wavenumber spectrum of planetary waves in the atmosphere above Antarctica was studied in two contrasting years: in 2019 when there was a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), and in 2020 when the Antarctic stratospheric vortex was unusually strong and long-lived.
The response of the global water cycle to changes in global surface temperature remains an outstanding question in future climate projections and in past climate reconstructions. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of precipitation (?precip), meteoric water (?MW) and seawater (?SW)…
Marine migratory species tend to be overlooked in marine spatial planning due to limited knowledge of their habitats and migration pathways, resulting in a disconnect between animal migration ecology and spatial management decision making.