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New sea ice estimates over the last 49ky in the Southeast Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean 34th International Geological Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 5-10 August 2012, 2012 (Ref: 15462)
Category 3: Verbal presentation

Although many Quaternary records have allowed the study of major glacial-interglacial change in the … Southern Ocean, Holocene records from deep-sea cores are few and far between and are currently … limited to the South Atlantic. Low sedimentation rates combined with deep seafloors…

Ocean acidification impacts on Southern Ocean calcifiers IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Paper presented at Climate Change Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions, Copenhagen 10-12th March 2009, 2009 (Ref: 13624)
Category 3: Abstract

Adding carbon dioxide (CO2) to the ocean alters the carbonate chemistry and lowers pH, making surface waters more acidic and decreasing the carbonate ions available to calcifiers for calcite and aragonite production.

Reduced calcification in modern Southern Ocean planktonic foraminifera Nature Geoscience, 2009 (Ref: 13625)
Category 1: Peer-reviewed literature

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide has been accumulating in the … oceans, lowering both the concentration of carbonate ions … and the pH (ref. 1), resulting in the acidification of sea … water.

Interannual variability of pteropod shell weights in the High-CO2 Southern Ocean Second Symposium on The Ocean in a High-CO2 World, Monaco, 6-9 October, 2008, 2008 (Ref: 13592)
Category 3: Conference paper

Anthropogenic CO2 added to the atmosphere during and since the industrial revolution is entering the global ocean. Addition of extra (anthropogenic) CO2 to the ocean changes the carbonate chemistry and the pH of the surface ocean…

Reduced calcification in modern Southern Ocean planktonic foraminifera Second Symposium on The Ocean in a High-CO2 World, Monaco, 6-9 October, 2008, 2008 (Ref: 13591)
Category 3: Conference paper

Laboratory experiments suggest that decreased ocean carbonate-ion concentrations due to anthropogenic CO2 will result in reduced calcification rates in marine calcareous organisms.

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