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A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review focuses on connections between different components of the Southern Ocean dynamic system…
Antarctic ice-free coastal environments, like the Vestfold Hills (East Antarctica), are shaped by a complex interplay of physical processes. This study synthesizes new data and existing research from the Vestfold Hills across marine, terrestrial and cryosphere science, meteorology, geomorphology…
Species distribution models (SDMs) quantify the relationship between species presence and environmental factors. They are often used to guide conservation management plans, but limited availability of environmental and biological data in undersampled regions, such as the Southern Ocean…
Overview of past and future climate change in Australia's area of responsibility in Antarctica, sub-Antarctic islands and Southern Ocean, and impacts of Antarctic changes upon the Australian mainland.
The Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-models predict future warming over Antarctica under five different scenarios, but their uncertainties remain high and have not been well constrained.
Antarctic sea ice plays many crucial roles in the physical environments and ecosystems of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. In this study, we synthesize the physical, biogeochemical, ecosystem, and societal impacts of summers with extreme low Antarctic sea-ice coverage.
One of the largest sectors of the Southern Ocean is the Indian Sector, which plays an important role in regulating the Earth's climate and supports a diverse ecosystem. To understand how climate change impacts the environment in this sector…
Human-caused climate change worsens with every increment of additional warming, although some impacts can develop abruptly. The potential for abrupt changes is far less understood in the Antarctic compared with the Arctic, but evidence is emerging for rapid…
The Hunga Tonga-Hunga/Hunga-Ha'apai eruption on January 15, 2022 sent off a plume of ash material up to the stratosphere and triggered a meteotsunami and … barometric pressure pulse that rippled through the atmosphere and oceans all around the world.
Over the last decade, the Southern Ocean has experienced episodes of severe sea ice area decline. Abrupt events of sea ice loss are challenging to predict, in part due to … incomplete understanding of processes occurring at the scale of individual ice floes. Here, we use high-resolution altimetry…
Understanding the dispersion of floating objects and ocean properties at the ocean surface is crucial for various applications, including oil spill management, debris tracking and search and rescue operations. While mesoscale turbulence has been recognized as a primary driver of dispersion…
This study reports the occurrence of intense atmospheric rivers (ARs) during the two large Weddell Polynya events in November 1973 and September 2017 and investigates their role in the opening events via their enhancement of sea ice melt. Few days before the polynya openings…
The Southern Ocean is disproportionately important in its effect on the Earth system, impacting climatic, biogeochemical, and ecological systems, which makes recent observed changes to this system cause for global concern.
Fast ice is an important component of Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems, providing a prolific habitat for ice algal communities. This work examines the relationships between normalized difference indices (NDI)…
Deriving the snow depth on Antarctic sea ice is a key factor in estimating sea-ice thickness distributions from space or airborne altimeters. Using a linear regression to model snow depth from observed 'total freeboard'…
In 2012, Antarctic sea-ice coverage was marked by weak annual-mean climate anomalies that consisted of opposing anomalies early and late in the year (some setting new records) which were interspersed by near-average conditions for most of the austral autumn and winter. Here…
This editorial introduces a suite of articles resulting from the second Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystems eXperiment (SIPEX-2) voyage by presenting some background information on the study area and Antarctic sea-ice conditions, and summarising the key findings from the project.
In late winter-early spring 2012, the second Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystems Experiment (SIPEX II) was conducted off Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, onboard R/V Aurora Australis. The sea-ice conditions were characterized by significantly thick first-year ice and snow…
The Southern Ocean Mapping Platform: Nilas is a mapping tool (beta) which displays multiple layers of physical and biogeochemical variables. The data displayed are primarily derived from remotely sense products and updated as source data becomes available.
Sea ice kinematics impacts the global ocean–atmosphere system in numerous ways: modification of albedo, ice cover, and ice mass; heat transmission between atmosphere and ocean; and ice thickness distribution.
Our understanding of cross-disciplinary connections for Antarctica's role in the Earth system remains incomplete, especially around its coastal margins. The focus here is on sea-ice, oceanic, and atmospheric drivers in the joint Ross Sea-far East Antarctic Region (RSfEAR)…