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We explore the utility of estimating the density of calls of baleen whales for better understanding acoustic trends over time. We consider as a case study stereotyped 'song' calls of Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia)…
A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review focuses on connections between different components of the Southern Ocean dynamic system…
Plankton, a diverse group of aquatic organisms, make Earth livable, regulate aquatic life, and provide benefits to human societies such as access to clean water, food security, and well-being. They also support economies and inspire biotechnological innovations.
Terrestrially breeding marine predators have experienced shifts in species distribution, prey availability, breeding phenology, and population dynamics due to climate change worldwide. These central-place foragers are restricted within proximity of their breeding colonies during the breeding season…
Antarctica harbors many distinctive features of life, yet much about the diversity and functioning of Antarctica's life remains unknown. Evolutionary histories and functional ecology are well understood only for vertebrates…
Neutron monitors (NMs) are ground-based detectors that are widely used to detect secondary particles produced by the collisions of primary cosmic rays (CRs) and air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere. Bare neutron counters (BCs), operated without the lead producer and polyethylene reflector…
We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern Ocean acted as a sink for CO2 with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.
Background … Incomplete species inventories for Antarctica represent a key challenge for comprehensive ecological research and conservation in the region. Additionally, data required to understand population dynamics, rates of evolution, spatial ranges, functional traits…
The software platform CASAL (C++ algorithmic stock assessment laboratory) has been used to implement integrated statistical catch-at-age toothfish stock assessments in CCAMLR since 2005. However, CASAL is no longer being developed or maintained.
Planktonic Foraminifera are unique paleo-environmental indicators through their excellent fossil record in ocean sediments. Their distribution and diversity are affected by different environmental factors including anthropogenically forced ocean and climate change. Until now…
Antarctic krill (hereafter krill) is the key species of the Antarctic marine ecosystem as well as a target of commercial fishery in the Southern Ocean, which compels careful predictions about potential impacts of Ocean Acidification (OA)…
We evaluate atmospheric ionization during the Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) of 2005 Jan 20 using two methods: a Monte-Carlo (MC) air-shower simulation [1] and a continuous slowing down (CSD) energy loss approximation [2,3]. For both methods…
South Georgia (540S; 380W) lies 350 km south of the Polar Front in the south-west Atlantic Ocean. It is a key global location for albatrosses: at the last all-island census in 1986, it was estimated that approximately 92,500 pairs of grey-headed albatrosses (most important global site), 101…
Black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses breed at four known locations in Chile: Islas Diego de Almagro, Islote Evangelistas, Islas Ildefonso and Islas Diego Ramirez.
Three species of burrowing seabirds nest on the Diego Ramirez Islands (60 nautical miles south-west of Cape Horn): blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea), common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) and sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus).
The most difficult seabirds in the world to deter from baited hooks are white-chinned petrels, grey petrels and the shearwaters. A fundamental principle of seabird-friendly longlines is that they commence sinking immediately upon deployment and sink fast. Longlines with integrated weight…
Black-browed albatrosses breed at four known locations in Chile: Diego de Almagro (15,900 pairs, Lawton et al. 2003), Evangelistas (4,700; Arata et al. 2003), Ildefonso (47,000; this presentation) and Diego Ramirez (55,300; Robertson et al. unpublished). After the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas…
Bycatch of seabirds during longline fishing operations is listed under Australian legislation as a key threatening process which could endanger 14 species of seabirds. In 1998 a Threat Abatement Plan (TAP) was finalised to manage this threat.
Chile is a fishery country with important artisanal and industrial longline fleets during the last 30 year. Main fishing resources in southern Chile are Patagonian toothfish, Ling and Austral hake. All these fisheries are suspected to have high seabird mortality.