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The Antarctic environment is extremely cold, windy and dry. Ozone depletion has resulted in increasing ultraviolet-B radiation, and increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone have altered Antarctica's climate.
Total biomass and areal biomass density are often necessary to establish ecological relationships and enable informed management decisions, in particular setting fisheries catch limits.
Near-synchronized in situ, space-borne (A-Train) and ground-based … lidar observations are employed to evaluate the boundary-layer clouds (BLCs) over Tasmania and the adjacent Southern Ocean (SO) simulated by the … limited-area version of Australian Community Climate and Earth System … Simulator…
Distributed Arithmetic (DA) is a high speed … multiplication technique used for implementation of digital … filters and signal upconversions. The DA is bit serial word … parallel approach where throughput rate does not depend … on flter length or data ste.
FPGA is a potential medium for DSP implementation of direct conversion transmitters and receivers. However analog interface cannot be ruled out since amplification and other tasks are still in the analog domain. In a previous work…
Quantization is a representation of data samples with a certain number of bits per sample after rounding to a suitable … level of precision. Quantization errors in a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) system can be introduced from three … sources; one source is input quantization…
Snow depth on sea ice plays a critical role in the heat exchange between ocean and … atmosphere because of its thermal insulation, which is almost an order of magnitude … greater than the thermal insulation of sea ice. Furthermore…
Thicknesses of sea ice and snow are key variables in ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions. Sea ice insulates the warm ocean from polar air and controls the heat exchange, which is … determined by its thickness. Also, sea ice thicknesses, together with sea ice extent…
Techniques to calculate sea ice thickness from measurements of sea ice freeboard from … spacebome radar and laser altimeters in the Arctic have the potential to be used in the … Antarctic. The conversion of freeboard, measured by the altimeter…
Over the past 50 years the sub-Antarctic has experienced increases in temperature and radiation. Little scientific attention has been paid to the ecophysiological response of vascular plant species growing on these islands and it is unclear what impact climate change may have on these species.
Ozone depletion has enhanced exposure of Antarctic marine microbes to biologically … damaging ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR, 280-320 nm). Increased UVBR exposure may … influence the production of climatically active, biogenic sulfur compounds … (dimethylsulfoniopropionate…
Two phytoplankton diets with markedly different fatty acid (FA) profiles (thraustochytrid … and diatom over a range of concentrations) were fed to juvenile Euphausia superba Dana to … evaluate the time lapse required for the development of trophic lipid signatures in the digestive gland … (DG).
Distribution of the arsenic species total inorganic arsenic [As(V+III)], arsenite [As(III)], monomethyl arsenic (MMA), and dimethyl arsenic (DMA) was studied in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) of the Southern Ocean, south of Australia, during the austral autumn (March 1998). As(V)…
Measurements of salinity, temperature, phytoplankton biomass, and speciation, dissolved nitrate, dimethylsulphide (DMS) in seawater and air, and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), were made in the subantarctic zone of the Southern Ocean from 40-54oS…