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The Antarctic environment is extremely cold, windy and dry. Ozone depletion has resulted in increasing ultraviolet-B radiation, and increasing greenhouse gases and decreasing stratospheric ozone have altered Antarctica's climate.
Net sea-ice extent (SIE; the area enclosed by greater than 15% sea-ice concentration) and sea-ice area (SIA; the product of sea-ice extent and concentration) were well below average or at record-low levels throughout 2023 (Fig. 6.11a).
In 2024, atmospheric conditions over Antarctica exhibited significant anomalies, and were marked by major surface and stratospheric warming and pressure fluctuations. The first half of the year (January–June) featured persistent below-normal surface pressure over the continent…
The Sea Ice Physico-Chemistry and Ecosystems 2024 (SLOPE2024) workshop was conducted in the Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan from the middle of February to the beginning of March 2024. The aim of SLOPE2024 was to study the physical, chemical…
Surface melt on the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) occurs primarily on the low-elevation coastal margins, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula and on the ice shelves surrounding the continent.
The Southern Ocean, its ecosystem, and inhabitants are vulnerable to climate-mediated shifts in habitat conditions. These changes can affect marine predators in the long term through changes in the distribution, density, and quality of prey.
Net sea-ice extent (SIE) and sea-ice area (SIA) were well below or at record-low levels for all of 2022 (based on satellite passive-microwave ice concentration data since 1979 when the near-homogenous satellite record began; Cavalieri et al. 1996). Indeed…
Antarctic sea ice plays a crucial role in the global climate system and is highly sensitive to climate change and variability (Walsh 1983; Liu et al. 2002; Roach et al. 2020). Sea ice seasonally covers a vast area of the high-latitude Southern Ocean each year…
Antarctic sea ice plays a pivotal role in the global climate system. Forming a highly reflective, dynamic, and insulative blanket that varies seasonally in its areal coverage from ~3 × 106 km2 to ~19–20 × 106 km2, sea ice and its snow cover strongly modifies ocean…
Net sea ice areal extent was well above average during the first few months of 2015 (Fig. 6.8a). Monthly record extents were observed in January (7.46 × 106 km2), April (9.06 × 106 km2), and May (12.1 × 106 km2).
Antarctic sea ice performs important roles in the climate system through the formation of dense oxygen rich Antarctic Bottom Water (Johnson 2008) and modulating fluxes across the ocean/atmosphere interface within the high southern latitudes (Bourassa et al. 2013).
Both net sea ice extent (SIE) and area (SIA) were close to the 1981–2010 average for January through August 2016, after which there was a dramatic departure from the mean through to the end of the year (Fig. 6.8a). Maximum net SIE peaked on 31 August (18.44 × 106 km2)…
The Maud Rise polynya is a persistent area of open water within the sea ice cover of the Southern Ocean, which overlies an area of elevated topography called Maud Rise (66°S, 3°E) located in the eastern sector of the Weddell Sea (Fig. SB6.1a).
Antarctic sea ice plays a pivotal role in the global climate system. Forming a highly-dynamic reflective and insulative blanket that varies seasonally from ~3 to ~20 × 106 km2, sea ice and its snow cover strongly modify ocean–atmosphere fluxes and interaction processes (Bourassa et al. 2013).
During 2021, and following on from 2020, net Antarctic sea ice coverage continued to exhibit strong variability (Fig. 6.11a), with distinct regional and seasonal contributions (Fig. 6.11b). The year began with below-average overall sea ice extent (SIE) in January through February (Fig. 6.11a)…
Here we present preliminary results on krill distribution from data collected from the Norwegian fishing vessel (F/V) Antarctic Endurance during her commercial operation for Antarctic krill in subareas 48.1 and 48.2 during different timings of the year in 2020, 2021 and 2022.
Abstract: This paper updates the SIOFA Scientific Committee on Australia's bottom fishing impact assessment for the SIOFA area.
12:20pm Science Snapshots … • Dr Barbara Wienecke – Long term status and trend of Emperor penguins. Loss of an Antarctic icon? • Dr Leonie Suter – Using environmental DNA to survey Antarctic krill … • Dr Jonny Stark – Life under the ice: biodiversity in Antarctic coastal ecosystems
Introduction: v … 1. The annual meeting of the SCAR Krill Action Group (SKAG) was held online from 7 to 11 March 2022 at 1500-1700 UTC, with a series of Zoom meetings. 2.