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Antarctic sea ice is one of the largest biomes on Earth providing a critical habitat for ice algae. Measurements of primary production in Antarctic sea ice remain scarce and an observation-based estimate of primary production has not been revisited in over 30 years.
The rate and extent of global biodiversity change is surpassing our ability to measure, monitor and forecast trends. We propose an interconnected worldwide system of observation networks — a global biodiversity observing system (GBiOS)…
Net sea-ice extent (SIE; the area enclosed by greater than 15% sea-ice concentration) and sea-ice area (SIA; the product of sea-ice extent and concentration) were well below average or at record-low levels throughout 2023 (Fig. 6.11a).
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is the target of the largest commercial fishery in the Southern Ocean. Its abundance varies regionally and exhibits great interannual variability. This natural variability, combined with climate change effects…
An unprecedented decline in Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) in late 2016 ended a weak mutidecadal expansion. Multiple mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this decline, including large-scale atmospheric influences—a strong zonal wave 3 (ZW3)…
We present Bedmap3, the latest suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60?°S. Bedmap3 incorporates and adds to all post-1950s datasets previously used for Bedmap2…
Peter I Island is situated in the Bellingshausen Sea, a region that has experienced considerable climate change in recent decades. Warming sea surface temperatures and reduced sea ice cover have been accompanied by warming surface air temperature, increased snowfall…
Southern hemisphere humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae, SHHW) breeding populations follow a high-fidelity Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) diet while feeding in distinct sectors of the Southern Ocean.
Polar marine invertebrates serve as bellwethers for species vulnerabilities in the face of changing climate at high latitudes of the Earth. Ocean acidification, warming/heatwaves, freshening, sea ice … retreat and productivity change are challenges for polar species.
Free-living terrestrial mites (Acari) have persisted through numerous glacial cycles in Antarctica. Very little is known, however, of their genetic diversity and distribution, particularly within the Ross Sea region. To redress this gap, we sampled mites throughout the Ross Sea region…
Seven passive acoustic surveys for marine mammal sounds were conducted by deploying sonobuoys along ship tracks during Antarctic voyages spanning years 2006-2021. These surveys included nearly 330° of longitude throughout Antarctic (south of 60°S) and sub-Antarctic (between 50-60°S) latitudes. Here…
One of the key components of this research has been the mapping of Antarctic bed topography and ice thickness parameters that are crucial for modelling ice flow and hence for predicting future ice loss and the ensuing sea level rise. Supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)…
The Maud Rise polynya is a persistent area of open water within the sea ice cover of the Southern Ocean, which overlies an area of elevated topography called Maud Rise (66°S, 3°E) located in the eastern sector of the Weddell Sea (Fig. SB6.1a).
Over the past 37 years, satellite records show an increase in Antarctic sea ice cover that is most pronounced in the period of sea ice growth. This trend is dominated by increased sea ice coverage in the western Ross Sea, and is mitigated by a strong decrease in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas.
Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore…
During 2021, and following on from 2020, net Antarctic sea ice coverage continued to exhibit strong variability (Fig. 6.11a), with distinct regional and seasonal contributions (Fig. 6.11b). The year began with below-average overall sea ice extent (SIE) in January through February (Fig. 6.11a)…
The Southern Ocean Research Partnership (IWC-SORP) is a multi-lateral, non-lethal scientific research programme established in 2009 to improve the coordinated and cooperative delivery of science to the IWC. There are 13 Partners: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, France, Germany, Italy…
Introduction: This document updates the research bibliography of SC/66b/SAN01 presented in 2016. The Southern Ocean Sanctuary (SOS) was established by the Commission in 1994. The area covered by the SOS in combination with the complementary Indian Ocean Sanctuary (IOS) is shown in Figure 1.
Despite widespread iron (Fe) limitation in the Southern Ocean, intense phytoplankton blooms are observed around productive coastal regions such as the Mertz Polynya (off George V Land and Adelie Land, East Antarctica; 140–155°E). Sources of Fe across coastal East Antarctica vary…
Following open, competitive Calls for Proposals in 2016/17, 2018/19 and 2019/20 a total of £144,058 GBP, £489,154 GBP and £129,955 GBP, respectively, were allocated from the IWC-Southern Ocean Research Partnership (IWC-SORP) Research Fund to 31 research projects in total. In addition…
Polar oceans and sea ice cover 15% of the Earth's ocean surface, and the environment is changing rapidly at both poles. Improving knowledge on the interactions between the atmospheric and oceanic realms in the polar regions, a Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) project key focus…
The availability of iron (Fe) to marine microbial communities is enhanced through complexation by ligands. In Fe limited environments, measuring the distribution and identifying the likely sources of ligands is therefore central to understanding the drivers of marine productivity.
Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis, AMW) are an abundant, ice-dependent species susceptible to rapid climatic changes occurring in parts of the Antarctic. Here, we used remote biopsy samples and estimates of length derived from unoccupied aircraft system (UAS)…
Background … Satellite tags were deployed on two Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) in the east Antarctic sector of the Southern Ocean as part of the International Whaling Commission’s Southern Ocean Research Partnership initiative.