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Human activities in Antarctica pose significant threats to marine ecosystems through accidental fuel spills, primarily as aresult of shipping incidents. This risk is likely to increase due to rises in shipping frequency in the Southern Ocean.
Better characterisation of aerosol processes in pristine, natural environments, such as Antarctica, have recently been shown to lead to the largest reduction in uncertainties in our understanding of radiative forcing.
Chemistry–climate models are important tools for addressing interactions of composition and climate in the Earth system. In particular, they are used to assess the combined roles of greenhouse gases and ozone in Southern Hemisphere climate and weather.
Future changes in the boreal polar vortex under a climate change scenario are still a matter of debate in the scientific community. For example, there is a lack of consensus among models about possible future changes in the frequency of major stratospheric warmings.