Antarctic Climate

Two hydrographic voyages conducted 56 years apart (in 1963 and 2019) along 110°E in the southeast Indian Ocean reveal significant long-term changes in water mass properties. We focus on physical and biogeochemical changes in Subtropical Water (STW), Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW)…

Under climate change, both the global water cycle (evaporation minus precipitation) and mixed layer salinity exhibit a pattern amplification characterized by the "rich get richer and poor get poorer." However…

Overview of past and future climate change in Australia's area of responsibility in Antarctica, sub-Antarctic islands and Southern Ocean, and impacts of Antarctic changes upon the Australian mainland.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and methanethiol (MeSH) are biologically co-produced marine volatile sulfur compounds, which play a critical role in climate-cooling aerosol formation. The spatio-temporal distributions of MeSH are poorly constrained, especially over the Southern Ocean.

The Antarctic coastal marine region is a unique and highly complex environment, of which landfast ice and polynyas are key features, especially in the context of dense water formation. Current large-scale ocean-sea ice models used in climate studies simulate hardly any Antarctic landfast ice…

Observations of sea surface height (SSH) from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite have demonstrated remarkable potential for resolving mesoscale and submesoscale ocean features, which are crucial for deriving vertical velocities…

A major subglacial lake, Lake Snow Eagle (LSE), was identified in East Antarctica by airborne geophysical surveys. LSE, contained within a subglacial canyon, likely hosts a valuable sediment record of the geological and glaciological changes of interior East Antarctica.

The zonal asymmetry in the Antarctic total ozone column (TOC) has been widely studied in … recent decades. However, little is known about how spatially dependent the TOC response is to sudden … stratospheric warmings (SSWs).

Ice shelves affect the stability of ice sheets by supporting the mass balance of ice upstream of the grounding line. Marine ice, formed from supercooled water freezing at the base of ice shelves, contributes to mass gain and affects ice dynamics.

This study presents the first record of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in Antarctic ice cores, offering valuable data on TFA and its precursors' long-range atmospheric transport and deposition in remote polar regions. TFA is an ultra-short chain perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA)…

The interaction of natural marine aerosol with clouds and radiation is a significant source of climate model uncertainty. The Southern Ocean represents a key area to understand these interactions, and a region where significant model biases exist.

The Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi-models predict future warming over Antarctica under five different scenarios, but their uncertainties remain high and have not been well constrained.

Surface melt on the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) occurs primarily on the low-elevation coastal margins, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula and on the ice shelves surrounding the continent.

Global chemistry–climate models (CCMs) play an important role in assessing the climate and air pollution implications of aerosols and chemically reactive gases.

Understanding basal processes across ice-sheet grounding lines is crucial in accurately modeling ice-sheet dynamics and estimating global sea-level rise. The grounding line, which demarcates the specific boundary between a grounded ice sheet and a floating ice shelf…

New edition of the leading resource on the Arctic and Southern Oceans with contributions from the world's experts on sea ice. Sea Ice delivers insights into the very latest understanding of sea ice dynamics, how we measure (and model) its extent, the ecosystems that depend on sea ice…

Snow on sea ice plays a critical role in the global climate system, affecting the growth and decay of the ice, polar ecosystems, human activities, and the retrieval of sea ice characteristics from remote sensing data.

The retreat of Antarctic ice shelves due to calving and the subsequent reduction in buttressing of the Antarctic Ice Sheet are of major concern for future sea-level rise. Sudden…

This online article is part of Our Wondrous Planet exhibition from Museums Victoria. It is part of behind-the-scenes stories about some of the creatures and ecosystems that make up our wondrous planet.

Antarctic sea ice plays many crucial roles in the physical environments and ecosystems of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. In this study, we synthesize the physical, biogeochemical, ecosystem, and societal impacts of summers with extreme low Antarctic sea-ice coverage.

The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) comprise a highly variable region that forms the transition region between the middle and upper atmosphere.

One of the largest sectors of the Southern Ocean is the Indian Sector, which plays an important role in regulating the Earth's climate and supports a diverse ecosystem. To understand how climate change impacts the environment in this sector…

Human-caused climate change worsens with every increment of additional warming, although some impacts can develop abruptly. The potential for abrupt changes is far less understood in the Antarctic compared with the Arctic, but evidence is emerging for rapid…

This paper explores the research, making, and performance of Sastrugi: Sounds of Antarctic Sea Ice. Combining the techniques of sonification, field recording, and musique concrète, Sastrugi orchestrates multi-sensory world building for the audience where immersive soundscapes…

Gravity waves provide a key mechanism for the vertical transport of energy and momentum from the active near-surface weather to the upper reaches of the neutral and ionised atmosphere. Generation mechanisms vary between storms, fronts…