Antarctic video gallery
Far South Symphony
Video transcript
GORDON HAMILTON, composer/conductor:
I’m here in Antarctica near Casey Station working on a symphony, and that symphony is for the Tasmania Symphony Orchestra, the London Mozart Players, and also the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, all to play.
In 2018, Gordon Hamilton went south to create a musical legacy for the Aurora Australis
GORDON HAMILTON:
I was really drawn to this program because — well, Antarctica is a place that may as well be as far away as Mars or the Moon. It’s somewhere I thought I would never have the opportunity to visit, but has always been there in my imagination, like, I think, for most people, and it’s a place that lends itself so much to art and music and cinema.
He recorded the sounds of the icebreaker and Antarctica
GORDON HAMILTON:
So the orchestra will play and I'll compose music around these recordings as if they are the soloist in an opera or in a song.
But often it was the lack of sound that really inspired him
GORDON HAMILTON:
That’s a kind of silence that I've never really experienced before. Perhaps in this symphony there are moments of epic silence.
The first people to hear his new composition were on the icebreaker itself
GORDON HAMILTON:
It was a really nice situation to share the piece about the Aurora Australis on the Aurora Australis and the recordings of the ship as they played through the speaker, we could hear the ship making these groans and these noises and whistles while the piece was playing, so it was actually very special.
Now the premiere of ‘Far South’ brings the music of Antarctica to the world
GORDON HAMILTON:
These sounds will have a lot of resonance for people that know the ship because the ship has a lot of memories — contains a lot of memories for these people — for all of us.
[end transcript]
First Hercules flight from Australia to our Antarctic ice runway
Video transcript
An icy first for the Australian Antarctic Program.
Project Lead, Matt Filipowski; “It’s very exciting because it’s the first time that a RAAF C130J has operated to Antarctica and to the Wilkins Aerodrome.”
RAAF Commander Air Mobility Group Carl Newman; “Hercules are fantastic aircraft and can carry up to 20 tonnes of cargo. It can carry that cargo approximately 3000 nautical miles.”
The plane flew the 6900 kilometre trip from Hobart in 13 hours. It was specially modified for this Antarctic mission.
Project Lead, Matt Filipowski; “Recently the Airforce has put external fuel tanks onto the aircraft and that’s given it increased endurance, or it can fly further and longer, which it needs to be able to do to operate to Antarctica.”
The Hercules had a crew of 8 on board for one of its longest ever flights.
RAAF Commander Air Mobility Group Carl Newman; “This is one of the most challenging environments for aviation in the world. The weather will be of great interest to the crew, the conditions of the runways, the ability to operate aircrafts on the ground in very cold temperatures.
Once on the ground at Wilkins they delivered cargo and refueled.
Project Lead, Matt Filipowski; “The Hercules primarily carried its own fuel down, but we had a small amount of cargo on there and they were also able to return a small amount cargo back to Australia for us as well.”
The Hercules is on track to provide another aerial support option for the Australian Antarctic Program
[end transcript]
Fuel munching microbes clean up Antarctica
Video transcript
These are microscopic secret weapons. Native Antarctic microbes are being used to clean up contaminated soil.
Remediation Manager, Tim Spedding; “We manage the soil condition so that those microorganisms can do the best job and be the most effective at using that fuel as a food source and they break down that fuel and ultimately clean up that soil.”
Scientists at Australia’s Casey station have built a luxury dirt ‘hotel’ to boost the microbes appetite.
The ‘mega-pile’ is the largest bioremediation construction in Antarctica. The size of an Olympic swimming pool, it can hold 750 cubic metres of soil.
Remediation Engineer, Rebecca McWatters; “It includes a really thick protection layer made up of a variety of barrier materials. We have a clay liner, we have is a high-density polyethylene welded plastic layer, we have protective textiles and then we have soil.”
The conditions are continually tweaked to be perfect for the fuel-munching microbes.
Remediation Manager, Tim Spedding; “So a few degrees above zero, higher moisture content, maybe 10%, 12% water and a lot more oxygen.”
This will greatly increase the aeration of the soil and hopefully the soil will be able to be rehabilitated quicker. Less than 0.05% of the Antarctic continent is ice-free, so all the soil is precious.
Remediation Manager, Tim Spedding; “We want as many nations as possible to adopt what we are using.”
[end transcript]
Nuclear Watchdog
Video transcript
Australia’s Mawson research station in east Antarctica
Inside this ordinary-looking shipping container is a crucial part of the global network that polices a ban on nuclear testing
SANDRA SDRAULIG, RADIOCHEMIST, ARPANSA:
The CTBTO stands for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organisation. The purpose of that organisation is to monitor the planet for signs of nuclear explosions.
One of 80 stations around the world, this sampler ‘sniffs’ the wind for tell-tale radioactive particles
DAVE DAVIES, DEPUTY STATION LEADER, MAWSON:
On a daily basis we check the air sampling that’s done here. So, there’s a filter that’s changed every day that actually senses the atmosphere for contaminants that would indicate some sort of nuclear activity.
The high volume air sampler catches airborne particles on filter paper
SANDRA SDRAULIG:
They do occur naturally and in this monitoring station we will see some naturally occurring radionuclides. Others that are non-naturally occurring can be there as a result of a nuclear explosion or some other process.
The filter is compressed into a disc, for analysis and storage
SANDRA SDRAULIG:
Finally the filter is placed on a gamma spectrometer where it’s analysed. A computer monitors the work flow, collects the data which is then transmitted to Vienna via satellite to the international data centre.
ARPANSA relies on expeditioners to run the sampling during the year
DAVE DAVIES:
A lot of things I've done down here that you’d never get the opportunity anywhere else, and, yeah, that’s what makes it exciting. It’s why I like the job. The day is never the same and there is always something challenging to try your hand at.
(ARPANSA=Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency)
[end transcript]
Marine surveys
Video transcript
DR GLENN JOHNSTONE, APPLIED BENTHIC BIOLOGIST, AAD:
We're standing on sea ice, about a metre, 1.7 metres thick and underneath is probably 20 metres of water before we hit the sea floor.
DR JONNY STARK, MARINE ECOLOGIST, AAD
We are here doing some environmental surveys for the Davis aerodrome project, so we're doing marine environmental surveys all around the Vestfold Hills which is a largely unexplored area.
These marine scientists are using a small submarine to explore an unknown underwater world
DR JONNY STARK:
We've got onboard cameras, we've got laser scalers to measure the size of things on the seabed.
What they find builds a picture of the biodiversity around the site of the proposed runway
DR JONNY STARK:
All right so we've got polychaete reef here mate.
DR GLENN JOHNSTONE:
All of those different kinds of organisms you’d normally see on a reef in Tasmania or southern Australia, they're here, they're in different communities, different sizes, colours, shapes and there’s a obviously a lot of them here and not found elsewhere, they're endemic to Antarctica — all of the organisms here are endemic to Antarctica.
They find stony reefs several kilometres long, made by polychaete worms
DR JONNY STARK:
They stretch from the surface down to 30 metres, much like coral does really. They're amazing, they're real biodiversity hotspots, they're just crawling with life. I reckon there must be billions of sea urchins in Ellis Fjord. Everywhere you look there’s a sea urchin, crawling over the polychaetes, all over the rocky habitats, everywhere.
DR GLENN JOHNSTONE:
That’s one of the biggest excitements, is that we're popping this thing down, through sea ice and we don’t know what we're going to find and we do know that nobody’s ever been to this site before, so we know that when we do see it, we're the first people to see it.
DR JONNY STARK:
You're like explorers, you know, the first people to look in these places properly and document what’s here. The fjords particularly around Davis, they're really extensive and we know barely anything about them.
[end transcript]
Layered lakes in the Vestfold Hills
Video transcript
In Antarctica, biodiversity is greatest in the ice-free areas where animals and plants can live.
The Vestfold Hills is one of Antarctica’s most biodiverse regions.
An area near Davis research station is being assessed as the site for a new aerodrome.
Dr Catherine King, ecotoxicologist, Australian Antarctic Division
“So this is one of our lake transect sites. You see this lake right here? That’s one of our sampling sites. And what we’re doing in this program is looking at biodiversity across this region.”
Scientists are studying the lakes around the proposed site in unprecedented detail.
Dr Catherine King
”Importantly at Davis we have very complex lake systems and over 300 lakes of varying sizes, from small metres-squared up to several kilometres long. And the lakes in the Davis region are particularly unique because we have a range of freshwater lakes, as you’d expect, but also hypersaline or super salty lakes.”
Comparing the water and the soil between lakes will show if they are connected.
Dr Catherine King
“Our program out here is looking at a range of lakes of different sizes, different salinities. Looking at the biological communities and how diverse they are. And whether there’s any connectivity or differences between those lakes.”
Samples will be analysed in the lab for their DNA to reveal the full range of microscopic life-forms
Dr Catherine King
“That will give us a really good idea of the complexity of the communities, and whether they are similar to pockets of communities that we see elsewhere in the Vestfold Hills.”
[end transcript]
Biodiversity survey
Video transcript
Terrestrial biodiversity survey, Davis Aerodrome Project
Ecologists are searching for life in the rocky desert around Davis research station.
Dana Bergstrom, Australian Antarctic Division Ecologist “It looks very Mars-like, doesn’t it? It certainly feels like we’re in another planet, walking around this very, very abstract landscape of big boulders that have been ripped apart by thousands of years of wind.”
Dana Bergstrom “Antarctica is the end of the planetary spectrum for life. And here we’re in a very saline, desert area and as we’re still finding life. And that’s what really excites me.”
Their survey for the Davis aerodrome project is mapping where life exists.
Dana Bergstrom “So what we’re doing is we’ve modelled back in Australia the landscape, the terrain. And we found that there are ten habitat types. And what we have is a series of random points in each of those ten habitats that we need to go and visit and survey for vegetation.”
Dana Bergstrom “So by going to random points and recording what’s there, we know there there’s life or no life.”
The scientists have developed a high-tech app to guide their survey and record data from each site.
Dana Bergstrom “We have 2000 on our map. No way we’re going to get near to 2000. But we hope to go between 500 and 1000 sites.”
Dana Bergstrom “This area has been under sea in the Holocene. That’s about the last 6000 years ago. And so there’s still salt deposits here. But even in this desert, we still find life. But it’s hidden. It’s cryptic. And the place we find it, is under quartz rocks. And the reason why the quartz works but not other rocks is that light can filter through it. And here under the base you can see this amazing emerald green algae that’s growing on the rock. So the remarkable thing is that what we’re finding is that half a metre away it can be really, really salty. But under this rock is a place for life.”
[end transcript]